Adipose triglyceride lipase mediates lipolysis and lipid mobilization in response to iron-mediated negative energy balance.

Maintenance of energy balance is essential for overall organismal health. Mammals have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms that control energy intake and expenditure. Traditionally, studies have focused on understanding the role of macronutrient physiology in energy balance.

Identification and distribution of pathogens coinfecting with Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Rift Valley fever virus in humans, livestock and wildlife.

Zoonotic diseases, such as brucellosis, Q fever and Rift Valley fever (RVF) caused by Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and RVF virus, respectively, can have devastating effects on human, livestock, and wildlife health and cause economic hardship due to morbidity and mortality in livestock. Coinfection with multiple pathogens can lead to more severe disease outcomes and altered transmission dynamics.

Impact of IFN-y and CD40 signalling on Toxoplasma gondii cyst formation in differentiated Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells.

Signalling by IFN-y and CD40 is known to trigger anti-microbial activity in macrophages infected with Toxoplasma gondii, but their effects on infected neurons are less well known. Here, we compared how stimulation with IFN-y and an agonistic anti-CD40 mAb impacts infection and cyst formation in the mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro-2a relative to bone marrow-derived macrophages. Both IFN-y and CD40 mAb decreased cyst emergence in Neuro-2a cells.

How Cooperative Engagement Programs Strengthen Sequencing Capabilities for Biosurveillance and Outbreak Response.

The threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases continues to be a challenge to public and global health security. Cooperative biological engagement programs act to build partnerships and collaborations between scientists and health professionals to strengthen capabilities in biosurveillance. Biosurveillance is the systematic process of detecting, reporting, and responding to especially dangerous pathogens and pathogens of pandemic potential before they become outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics.

Managing Arterial Injury in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery: Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Background: The most feared complications following endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery are arterial vascular injuries. Previously published literature is restricted to internal carotid artery injuries. The ideal method for controlling arterial bleeding during this kind of procedure is debated, and a variety of techniques have been advocated.

Severe Edema and Venous Congestion Following Sphenoorbital Meningioma Resection in a Meningiomatosis Case: Importance of Predicting Venous Disturbances.

To achieve local disease control, radical removal is the best option for sphenoorbital meningiomas. Preservation of the venous system is crucial during the resection of skull base meningiomas. This vascular injury represents a major risk both for life and neurologic function.

High-level production of active human TFPI-2 Kunitz domain in plant.

Plants are an attractive production system alternative to cell bioreactor not only because of its lower production costs, but also due to its lack of mammalian pathogens and contaminants, plant capacity to generate appropriate eukaryotic folding and in many cases correct post-translational modifications. In recent years, several recombinant proteins and antibodies have been introduced in the biopharmaceutical market, in particular in cancer therapeutics. Kunitz domain 1 (KD1), a domain of Human Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2), has an outstanding potential in cancer treatment because it is a potent inhibitor of extracellular serine proteinases involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis.

The distance between the posterior communicating arteries and their relation to the endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adults: An anatomic study.

Background: The diencephalic leaf of the Liliequist's membrane is a continuous structure that should be perforated in the endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Its lateral borders are penetrated by the third cranial nerve and the posterior communicating arteries. The most important complication of endoscopic third ventriculostomy is the vascular injury, such as the posterior communicating artery.

Direct stenting compared to balloon predilation in drug-eluting stents: one-year outcomes from the DEScover Registry.

Objectives: We sought to examine the determinants and outcomes of direct stenting (DS) compared to predilation with drug-eluting stents (DES).

Background: Limited data suggest that DS with DES is feasible and may reduce restenosis compared to predilation. Whether DS improves clinical outcomes in unselected patients treated with DES is unknown.

Quantitative ventricular neuroendoscopy performed on the third ventriculostomy: anatomic study.

Background: One of the key elements for a successful endoscopic intervention in the ventricular system is the ability to recognize the anatomic structures and use them as a reference.

Objective: To measure the choroid plexus with endoscopy in the interventricular foramen, together with the structures on the third ventricle floor, and to compare these variables.

Methods: An observational prospective study was carried out on 37 brains of cadavers for which the cause of death was assessed at the Death Check Unit of the University of São Paulo in April 2008.

Cerebrospinal fluid fistula after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery: experience in a spanish center.

Background: Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula is the most serious complication after transsphenoidal surgery.

Objective: To analyze the incidence of CSF fistula after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for tumor removal in sellar region; to discuss associated factors and methods used for sellar closure.

Method: Retrospective study of 67 patients (73 surgeries) operated via transsphenoidal endoscopy at Hospital Vall D'Hebron and Hospital Clinic of the Universidad de Barcelona, Spain.

Trends in pleural biopsies between 1996 and 2006 at a tertiary medical center.

Introduction: To determine the cause of an exudative pleural effusion, clinicians may choose one of the three types of pleural biopsies--blind, image-guided, or surgical biopsies--depending on the extent of pleural involvement and the available expertise and technology. The purpose of this study was to examine the trends in the type of pleural biopsies performed between 1996 and 2006 and to assess the diagnostic sensitivity of the 3 aforementioned types of pleural biopsy.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of all patients who underwent a pleural biopsy at a large teaching hospital between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2006.