Relative risk of prostate cancer for men with affected relatives: systematic review and meta-analysis.

An increased risk of prostate cancer associated with a family history of prostate cancer has been documented in multiple published reports. Risk has been shown to vary by degree of relationship and age of onset of disease in the affected relative. Several studies, using various designs, have estimated the relative risk (RR) for these associations.

Free prostate-specific antigen improves prostate cancer detection in a high-risk population of men with a normal total PSA and digitalrectal examination.

Objectives: Uncertainty exists regarding optimal prostate cancer screening parameters for high-risk populations. The purpose of this study is to report the use of percent free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as an indication for biopsy in men at increased risk for developing prostate cancer who have a normal digital rectal examination (DRE) and total PSA level between 2 and 4 ng/mL.

Methods: African-American men and men with at least one first-degree relative with prostate cancer are eligible for enrollment into the Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program (PRAP) at our institution.