The Influence of Social and Developmental Factors on the Timing of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis of Preschool-Aged Children: Evidence from a Specialized Chilean Center.

We investigated the influence of developmental and social factors on the age of autism diagnosis (AoD) in a cohort of toddlers living in Chile. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 509 preschool children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder [M = 40.2 months (SD = 8.

Priorities and root cause analysis of quality and safety problems in chilean hospitals.

Background: Quality improvement is an important component of hospital operations.

Aim: To prioritise clinical quality and safety problems in Chilean hospitals according to their severity, frequency, and detectability.

Material And Methods: The study was conducted between December 2018 and June 2019.

[Impact of COVID-19 pandemic confinement on the behavior of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder].

Unlabelled: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and confinement have affected access to the health system and have impacted people's mental health, particularly families of children with autism spectrum di sorder (ASD).

Objective: To investigate the perceptions of parents of children with ASD regarding benefits, positive changes, and difficulties in behavioral management at home during the first con finement due to COVID-19 in Chile.

Subjects And Methods: We performed an exploratory cross sectional qualitative study including 118 parents of individuals with ASD aged between 2 and 15 years.

From sharing voices to making decisions: The case for centring community ownership in evaluation of health programme planning and management.

Background: Community participation in health programme planning has gained traction in public health in recent decades. When an idea enters the mainstream, it becomes vulnerable to overuse and dilution, and public health professionals claiming "community participation" may intentionally or unintentionally prevent more meaningful participatory action. The principle of community-centred planning is seldom integrated into programme evaluation.

State of Mental Health Research of Adolescents and Youth in Chile: An Ontological Analysis.

Knowing the state of mental health research in adolescents and youth can be an important tool for decision-making, especially in contexts of limited resources. The aim of this study is to map the scientific research on adolescent and youth mental health in Chile using an ontological framework. We have mapped the population of research articles on mental health of adolescents and youth in Chile in Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases onto the ontology.

Caregiver-Child Agreement in Health-Related Quality of Life of Autistic Children and Adolescents.

This study examined the agreement of perceived health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between caregivers and autistic children and adolescents (n = 133, 5-12 years) using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scales, Fourth Edition (PedsQL 4.0). Results reveal good to excellent agreement over this age range across the total, physical, and psychosocial health scales.

Genomic surveillance of the Lambda SARS-CoV-2 variant in a global phylogenetic context.

The massive sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and global genomic surveillance strategies allowed the detection of many variants of concern and interest. The variant of interest Lambda (C.37), which originated in South America, has been the most prevalent in Peru and Chile, but its dispersion in other continents still remains unknown.

[Motor disturbances in children with autism spectrum disorder].

Objective: To describe main motor disorders detected in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and analyze associated clinical variables.

Patients And Method: A cross-sectional observatio nal study of 96 children with ASD, median age 4 years (range, 3-9), 32.3% girls, and 18.

Identifying local barriers to access to healthcare services in Chile using a communitarian approach.

Introduction: Previous research has used proxy variables or a unique construct to quantify healthcare access. However, there is a need for a different model that can handle this multivariable problem. This study seeks to develop a way to measure access to the local healthcare system with higher local resolution.

[A system aimed at monitoring healthcare access in Chile].

Background: A health system is successful when it maintains a healthy population and provides health services that are effective, equitable and safe.

Aim: To design a system based on specific indicators to monitor equity in health care access in Chile.

Material And Methods: Primary information about five dimensions of access to health was collected, namely health policies, characteristics of the health system, characteristics of the population at risk, utilization of health services and consumer satisfaction.

Clinical characteristics of children affected by autism spectrum disorder with and without generalized hypotonia.

In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the association between generalized hypotonia (GH) and demographic features and clinical characteristics in toddlers (2 to 5 years) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Among 93 children, 32 (34.4%) had GH.

Access to Healthcare during COVID-19.

Ensuring access to healthcare is critical to prevent illnesses and deaths from COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cases in health systems that have deteriorated during the pandemic. This study aims to map the existing literature on healthcare access after the appearance of COVID-19 using an ontological framework. This will help us to formalize, standardize, visualize and assess the barriers to and drivers of access to healthcare, and how to continue working towards a more accessible health system.

Factors affecting the behavior of children with ASD during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim And Methods: Cross-sectional data from 118 Chilean children with ASD collected during the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 were evaluated to analyze predictors of behavioral problem impairment.

Results: Forty-five percent of parents stated that their children's behavioral difficulties increased in intensity or frequency. The adjusted predictors were having a family member hospitalized with COVID-19 (OR = 4.

Investigating public values in health care priority - Chileans´ preference for national health care.

Background: This study aims to assess preferences and values for priority setting in healthcare in Chile through an original and innovative survey method. Based on the answers from a previous survey that look into the barriers the Chilean population face, this study considers the preferences of the communities overcoming those barriers. As a result six programs were identified: (1) new infrastructure, (2) better healthcare coverage, (3) increasing physicians/specialists, (4) new informatics systems, (5) new awareness healthcare programs, and (6) improving availability of drugs.

Brief Report: Health-Related Quality of Life in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder is Related to Diagnostic Age and Autistic Symptom Severity.

We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore whether clinical characteristics and autism diagnostic-traits severity are associated with caregiver-reported impairment of health-related quality of life (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scales, Fourth Edition) in 93 Chilean toddlers (age: 2-4 years) with autism spectrum disorder. Median total scale, physical health, and psychosocial health scores were 76 (IQR 70-81), 88 (IQR 81-94), and 71 (IQR 62-79), respectively. In multiple-regression analysis, diagnostic age (β = 0.

Smoke at night and sleep worse? The associations between cigarette smoking with insomnia severity and sleep duration.

Objective: Insomnia is a clinically verified nicotine withdrawal symptom. As nicotine is a stimulant, it is plausible that smoking at night could disturb sleep more than smoking at earlier times of the day, but this remains empirically unclear. This study examined smoking status and its associations with insomnia severity and sleep duration while considering the potential role of smoking time.

Factorial invariance of the Marianismo Beliefs Scale among Latinos in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study.

Objective: The Marianismo Beliefs Scale (MBS) assesses five components of marianismo, a cultural script of Latina gender role expectations. This study evaluated the MBS's psychometric properties across language, sex, and Latino subgroups (Mexican American, Central American, Cuban American, Dominican American, Puerto Rican, and South American).

Method: Study sample was derived from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study which consisted of a community sample of 4879 Latino adults aged 18-64 from four field centers (Miami, FL, USA; San Diego, CA, USA; Bronx, NY, USA; Chicago, IL, USA).

Expanding the cross-cultural psychological assessment tool box with IQ test short forms.

Objective: Short forms of standard intelligence tests are useful in clinical and research settings where administration of a full intelligence test is impractical or unnecessary. In cross cultural contexts where few tests are available, including brief intelligence tests, short forms may be particularly useful to meet clinical and research needs. However, there is little cross-cultural research on the validity of short forms.

Deconstructing Cognitive Heterogeneity in Puerto Rican Spanish-Speaking Children With ADHD.

Objective: There is limited understanding of the cognitive profiles of Spanish-speaking children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The current study investigated the cognitive cluster profiles of Puerto Rican Spanish-speaking children with ADHD using the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children-Fourth Edition Spanish (WISC-IV Spanish) Index scores and examined the association between cognitive cluster profiles with other potentially relevant factors.

Method: Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify WISC-IV clusters in a sample of 165 Puerto Rican children who had a primary diagnosis of ADHD.

The Latent Structure of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia.

Importance: Negative symptoms are associated with a range of poor clinical outcomes, and currently available treatments generally do not produce a clinically meaningful response. Limited treatment progress may be owing in part to poor clarity regarding latent structure. Prior studies have inferred latent structure using exploratory factor analysis, which has led to the conclusion that there are 2 dimensions reflecting motivation and pleasure (MAP) and diminished expressivity (EXP) factors.

Factor Structure of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition Spanish in a Clinical Sample.

Objective: The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition Spanish (WISC-IV Spanish) is a translation and adaptation of the WISC-IV that is often used in neuropsychological evaluation of children and adolescents with acquired or developmental brain disorders. However, there is limited information on the factor structure of the WISC-IV Spanish when used with clinical populations. To address the potential effects of language and culture on the validity of the WISC-IV Spanish factor structure, this study examined the construct validity of the WISV-IV Spanish scores using confirmatory factor analysis in a clinical sample of Hispanic children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).