Flipped Classrooms in Physician Assistant Education.

Purpose: This study assessed the impact of flipped classrooms on physician assistant (PA) students' performance and opinions.

Methods: Students completed quizzes and an opinion survey in Genetics, Human Pathophysiology (HPP), Clinical Medicine (CM) (n = 105) and Physical Exam (PE) (n = 98) courses.

Results: In Genetics and PE, the quiz scores were significantly higher for flipped classrooms (Genetics 95.

Maternal Contribution of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus to Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Nymphs Through Oviposition Site Inoculation and Transovarial Transmission.

Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), transmits Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the bacterial pathogen putatively responsible for citrus huanglongbing. Multiple studies have shown psyllids acquire Las more frequently, and are more likely to inoculate susceptible plants, when they acquire Las as nymphs. Understanding the transmission of Las to nymphs is critical to the Las lifecycle.

Phenotypic diversity and altered environmental plasticity in Arabidopsis thaliana with reduced Hsp90 levels.

The molecular chaperone HSP90 aids the maturation of a diverse but select set of metastable protein clients, many of which are key to a variety of signal transduction pathways. HSP90 function has been best investigated in animal and fungal systems, where inhibition of the chaperone has exceptionally diverse effects, ranging from reversing oncogenic transformation to preventing the acquisition of drug resistance. Inhibition of HSP90 in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana uncovers novel morphologies dependent on normally cryptic genetic variation and increases stochastic variation inherent to developmental processes.