Tension pneumocephalus induced by high-flow nasal cannula ventilation in a neonate.

The use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy as respiratory support for preterm infants has increased rapidly worldwide. The evidence available for the use of HFNC is as an alternative to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and in particular to prevent postextubation failure. We report a case of tension pneumocephalus in a preterm infant as a complication during HFNC ventilation.

Umbilical cord and visceral hemangiomas diagnosed in the neonatal period: A case report and a review of the literature.

Background: Umbilical cord hemangioma is very rare and may not be detected prenatally. However, it should be considered in differential diagnosis with other umbilical masses because it can cause significant morbidity.

Methods: We report the case of a newborn referred with suspected omphalitis and umbilical hernia.

Potential protective role of endogenous glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase against glutamate excitotoxicity in fetal hypoxic-ischaemic asphyxia.

Aim: Fetal blood contains higher concentrations of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT; a blood enzyme able to metabolize glutamate) than maternal blood. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between GOT and glutamate levels in arterial blood samples from umbilical cord in control newborn infants and newborn infants with hypoxic-ischaemic insult and/or symptoms of hypoxia-ischemia after delivery.

Method: A total of 46 newborn infants (28 females, 18 males) were prospectively included in the study.

Preclinical screening for retinopathy of prematurity risk using IGF1 levels at 3 weeks post-partum.

Following current recommendations for preventing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) involves screening a large number of patients. We performed a prospective study to establish a useful screening system for ROP prediction and we have determined that measuring serum levels of IGF1 at week three and the presence of sepsis have a high predictive value for the subsequent development of ROP. A total of 145 premature newborn, with birthweight <1500 g and/or <32 weeks gestational age, were enrolled.