Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in apoptosis. We reported that Blue Light (BL) induced oxidative stress in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro and increased drusen deposition and RPE cell apoptosis in human eyes. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying BL-induced damage to RPE cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUveal melanoma is the most common intraocular tumor in adults. Our group has previously developed a human uveal melanoma animal model; however, adverse effects caused by the immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporine A, prevented animals from surviving more than 12 weeks. In this study, we tested multiple cyclosporine A doses over an extended disease course up to 20 weeks, providing complete clinical imaging of intraocular tumors, histopathological analysis and liquid biopsy biomarker analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Although rare, uveal melanoma (UM) is a life-threatening malignancy. Understanding its biology is necessary to improve disease outcome. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture methods have emerged as tools that incorporate physical and spatial cues that better mimic tumor biology and in turn deliver more predictive preclinical data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the field of experimental therapeutics for oncology purposes researchers are continuously evaluating the toxicity of novel treatment approaches against cancer cells. Within this topic of research, it is highly critical to define parameters of toxicity that denote when cancer cells are perturbed in their functionality by a new investigational drug. As the goal for these approaches is to achieve cellular demise, then what approaches to use and what do they mean in terms of assessing such cell death is of critical importance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) accounts for 70% of ovarian cancer cases, and the survival rate remains remarkably low due to the lack of effective long-term consolidation therapies. Clinical remission can be temporarily induced by platinum-based chemotherapy, but death subsequently results from the extensive growth of a platinum-resistant component of the tumor. This work explores a novel treatment against HGSOC using the gold complex auranofin (AF).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in elderly. It is characterized by the loss of central vision due to damaged retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and photoreceptors. Blue Light (BL) exposure was proposed as a risk factor for AMD progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a significant cause of mortality among women worldwide. Traditional treatment consists of platinum-based therapy; however, rapid development of platinum resistance contributes to lower life expectancy, warranting newer therapies to supplement the current platinum-based protocol. Repurposing market-available drugs as cancer therapeutics is a cost- and time-effective way to avail new therapies to drug-resistant patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Uveal melanoma (UM), the most prevalent intraocular tumor in adults, is a highly metastatic and drug resistant lesion. Recent studies have demonstrated cytotoxic and anti-metastatic effects of the antiprogestin and antiglucocorticoid mifepristone (MF) in vitro and in clinical trials involving meningioma, colon, breast, and ovarian cancers. Drug repurposing is a cost-effective approach to bring approved drugs with good safety profiles to the clinic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) has been investigated for a potential anticancer role in several cancers, such as colorectal, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. Moreover, ASA has been shown to abrogate various processes that contribute to tumor growth and progression.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ASA on cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM).
Prenatal androgen excess is considered one of the main causes of the development of polycystic ovary syndrome. In this study, we investigated the effect of prenatal hyperandrogenization (PH) on the physiology of the adult uterine tissue using a murine model of fetal programming caused by androgen excess in adult female rats. Pregnant rats were hyperandrogenized with testosterone and female offspring were studied when adult.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMany studies have examined the biology, genetics, and chemotherapeutic response of ovarian cancer's solid component; its liquid facet, however, remains critically underinvestigated. Floating within peritoneal effusions known as ascites, ovarian cancer cells form multicellular structures, creating a cancer niche in suspension. This study explores the pathobiology of spontaneously formed, multicellular, ovarian cancer structures derived from serous ovarian cancer cells isolated along disease evolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrenatal hyperandrogenization (PH) is hypothesized as one of the main factors contributing to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of prenatal exposure to androgen excess on the uterus when animals reach their adulthood. We found that PH altered the morphology of the uteri that show a hyperplastic morphology with increased total uterine thickness as well as luminal epithelium thickness, with both enhanced and altered distribution of glands as compared with controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Melanoma is a life-threatening group of cancers mainly affecting the skin (cutaneous melanoma, CM) and the eyes (uveal melanoma, UM). Nearly half of patients with UM develop liver metastases regardless of the primary treatment. For this reason, adjuvant therapy to prevent disease progression is essential to improve survival of patients with melanoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that antiprogestin mifepristone impairs the growth and adhesion of highly metastatic cancer cells, and causes changes in their cellular morphology. In this study, we further assess the anti-metastatic properties of mifepristone, by studying whether cytostatic doses of the drug can inhibit the migration and invasion of various cancer cell lines using a double fluorescence cytochemical labeling approach.
Methods: Cell lines representing cancers of the ovary (SKOV-3), breast (MDA-MB-231), glia (U87MG), or prostate (LNCaP) were treated with cytostatic concentrations of mifepristone.
Among a litany of malignancies affecting the female reproductive tract, that of the ovary is the most frequently fatal. Moreover, while the steady pace of scientific discovery has fuelled recent ameliorations in the outcomes of many other cancers, the rates of mortality for ovarian cancer have been stagnant since around 1980. Yet despite the grim outlook, progress is being made towards better understanding the fundamental biology of this disease and how its biology in turn influences clinical behaviour.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. The major histopathological subtype of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Platinum-based therapy is the standard of care for patients with advanced stage NSCLC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe synthetic steroid mifepristone blocks the growth of ovarian cancer cells, yet the mechanism driving such effect is not entirely understood. Unbiased genomic and proteomic screenings using ovarian cancer cell lines of different genetic backgrounds and sensitivities to platinum led to the identification of two key genes upregulated by mifepristone and involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR): the master chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), glucose regulated protein (GRP) of 78 kDa, and the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous transcription factor (CHOP). GRP78 and CHOP were upregulated by mifepristone in ovarian cancer cells regardless of p53 status and platinum sensitivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: We studied a primary culture developed from a biopsy of a clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (O-CCC) by (a) assessing its capacity to retain in vitro pathological features of the tumor of origin; (b) characterizing the main cells released from the complex mass without forced purification of any particular cellular entity; and (c) investigating its long-term proliferative capacity.
Methods: A primary cell culture was developed from a pelvic mass diagnosed as an O-CCC. The morphological analysis of the cell culture was carried out by phase contrast microscopy.
Antiprogestins constitute a group of compounds, developed since the early 1980s, that bind progesterone receptors with different affinities. The first clinical uses for antiprogestins were in reproductive medicine, e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Antiprogestin compounds have been shown to be effective in blocking the growth of ovarian cancer cells of different genetic backgrounds. Herein we studied the anti-ovarian cancer effect of a series of antiprogestins sharing the chemical backbone of the most characterized antiprogestin, mifepristone, but with unique modifications in position C-17 of the steroid ring. We assessed the effect of mifepristone-like antiprogestins on the growth of ovarian cancer cells sensitive to the standard combination therapy cisplatin-paclitaxel or made double-resistant upon six cycles of pulse-selection with the drugs used at clinically relevant concentrations and exposure times.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Changes in cell shape and plasticity in cytoskeletal dynamics are critically involved in cell adhesion, migration, invasion and the overall process of metastasis. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that the synthetic steroid mifepristone inhibited the growth of highly metastatic cancer cells, while simultaneously causing striking changes in cellular morphology. Here we assessed whether such morphological alterations developed in response to cytostatic concentrations of mifepristone are reversible or permanent, involve rearrangement of cytoskeletal proteins, and/or affect the adhesive capacity of the cells.
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