Lifestyle Related Cancer Risk and Protective Behaviors Vary among a Convenient Sample of Physically Active, Young-to-Middle-Aged Adults 18-49.

It is an assumption that physically active adults lead an overall healthy lifestyle. To examine this assumption, we administered a cross-sectional, web-based survey to a sample of young-to-middle-aged US adults between 18 and 49 who self-reported participation in at least one recreational sporting event in the past month. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine demographic characteristics associated with cancer risk and protective behaviors.

Racial, Lifestyle, and Healthcare Contributors to Perceived Cancer Risk among Physically Active Adolescent and Young Adult Women Aged 18-39 Years.

The cancer incidence among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) has significantly increased in recent years, but there is limited information about the factors that influence the perceived cancer risk among AYAs. A cross-sectional, web-based survey of 281 physically active Black and White AYA women was administered to assess the influences of demographic characteristics, family history of cancer, cancer risk factor knowledge, and lifestyle-related risk and protective behaviors on perceived cancer risk. Linear regression analyses were performed in SAS version 9.

Cranial CT is a mandatory tool to exclude asymptomatic cerebral hemorrhage in elderly patients on anticoagulation.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) after falls causes death and disability with immense socioeconomic impact through medical and rehabilitation costs in geriatric patients. Diagnosing TBI can be challenging due to the absence of initial clinical symptoms. Misdiagnosis is particularly dangerous in patients on permanent anticoagulation because minimal trauma might result in severe intracranial hemorrhage.

Structural Racism and Cancer: Calls to Action for Cancer Researchers to Address Racial/Ethnic Cancer Inequity in the United States.

As leaders with the American Society of Preventive Oncology (ASPO) Cancer Health Disparities Special Interest Group, we describe the role of structural racism in perpetuating cancer health inequity historically, and potential implications of COVID-19 in exacerbating the effects of structural racism on patients with cancer seeking screening, diagnostic care, treatment, and survivorship support. As a strategy to reduce cancer inequities in the United States, we provide the following calls to action for cancer researchers to help alleviate the burden of structural racism: (i) identify and name structural racism while describing its operation within all aspects of scientific research; (ii) comprehensively integrate discussions on structural racism into teaching, mentoring, and service activities; and (iii) understand and support community actions to address structural racism.

Anti-Black Racism and Power: Centering Black Scholars to Achieve Health Equity.

In health equity research, anti-Black racism and power imbalances manifest at every phase of the research process and contribute to the marginalization and exclusion of Black scholars. This essay highlights how power operates as a central component of anti-Black racism, and I describe the importance of centering Black scholars in funding, conducting, and implementing health equity research. Interdisciplinary collaboration between the fields of bioethics, public health ethics, and health equity could generate dialogue and develop recommendations to help balance power dynamics, address anti-Black racism, and, ultimately, make meaningful progress toward health equity.

Improve the Quality of Life Related to HIV and the Black Community: HIV and AIDS Inequity in the Black Community: Proximal Solutions to Distal Determinants.

This literature review describes the historical impact of HIV and AIDS among Black populations in United States (US), as well as the misalignment between root causes of HIV-related inequities and HIV prevention efforts. Specifically, we describe how distal factors (including structural racism) contribute to the disproportionate rates of HIV infection within Black communities. Further, we highlight consequences of focusing primarily on proximal determinants of acquiring HIV.

Antiracist Praxis in Public Health: A Call for Ethical Reflections.

The Covid-19 pandemic has revealed myriad social, economic, and health inequities that disproportionately burden populations that have been made medically or socially vulnerable. Inspired by state and local governments that declared racism a public health crisis or emergency, the Anti-Racism in Public Health Act of 2020 reflects a shifting paradigm in which racism is considered a social determinant of health. Indeed, health inequities fundamentally rooted in structural racism have been exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic, which calls for the integration of antiracist praxis to promote ethical public health research processes.

Exploring racial and ethnic minority individuals' journey to becoming genetic counselors: Mapping paths to diversifying the genetic counseling profession.

Reasons for limited ethnic and racial diversity among genetic counselors in the United States may be elucidated through better understanding the experiences of individuals from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds who are enrolled in genetic counseling graduate programs as well as recent graduates. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with racial/ethnic minority participants using Journey Mapping to elicit touchpoints that positively or negatively impact success at varying points along the path to becoming genetic counselors. Negative impacts observed at various touchpoints included the following: late awareness of the profession; observing lack of diversity in the field; financial burden of the application process; and microaggressions from peers, program leadership, and clinical supervisors.

Institutional Distrust among African Americans and Building Trustworthiness in the COVID-19 Response: Implications for Ethical Public Health Practice.

African Americans are disproportionately affected by COVID-19-related disease and mortality due to long-standing social, political, economic, and environmental injustice; and COVID-19 inequities are exacerbated by institutional distrust. In the absence of trust, public health authorities have not adequately fulfilled their professional and ethical obligations to protect African American communities from the negative effects of COVID-19. As institutional distrust is shaped by individual and collective experiences of untrustworthiness, we propose a paradigm shift from increasing trust among African Americans to increasing trustworthiness among medical and public health institutions/systems throughout the United States.

Impact of caregivers' negative response to cancer on long-term survivors' quality of life.

Cancer survivors' quality of life (QoL) is consistently shown to be positively impacted by social support from family and friends, including informal caregivers. In contrast, a loved one's negative response to cancer can diminish survivors' QoL, and these negative responses can be more impactful than supportive behaviors. Nonetheless, negative caregiver response has not been extensively researched, and few studies have explored the potential interaction of negative caregiver response and perceived social support on survivors' QoL.

Examining the Influence of Religious and Spiritual Beliefs on HPV Vaccine Uptake Among College Women.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is an effective mechanism to prevent HPV-associated cancers; however, uptake is low among women aged 18-26. Religiosity/spirituality is associated with sexual health decision-making. This study examined the role of religious/spiritual beliefs on HPV vaccination among college women (N = 307) using logistic regression and mediation analyses.

A Systematic Review of U.S.-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake Intervention Systematic Reviews: Available Evidence and Lessons Learned for Research and Practice.

We examined colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) intervention effectiveness, through the effect sizes associated with: (1) screening modality, (2) intervention level (e.g., client-directed), and (3) intervention component (e.

Understanding the processes that Federally Qualified Health Centers use to select and implement colorectal cancer screening interventions: a qualitative study.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is highly effective at reducing cancer-related morbidity and mortality, yet screening rates remain suboptimal. Evidence-based interventions can increase screening rates, particularly when they target multiple levels (e.g.

Application of a Health Literacy Framework to Explore Patients' Knowledge of the Link between HPV and Cancer.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection and causes most oropharyngeal (e.g., throat) and anogenital (e.

Use of Evidence-Based Interventions and Implementation Strategies to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening in Federally Qualified Health Centers.

While colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates have been increasing in the general population, rates are considerably lower in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs), which serve a large proportion of uninsured and medically vulnerable patients. Efforts to screen eligible patients must be accelerated if we are to reach the national screening goal of 80% by 2018 and beyond. To inform this work, we conducted a survey of key informants at FQHCs in eight states to determine which evidence-based interventions (EBIs) to promote CRC screening are currently being used, and which implementation strategies are being employed to ensure that the interventions are executed as intended.

"My mom said it wasn't important": A case for catch-up human papillomavirus vaccination among young adult women in the United States.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine prevents HPV-related diseases, including anogenital cancers and genital warts. In the United States, while it is recommended to adolescents ages 11 to 12, catch-up vaccination is available for those previously unvaccinated until age 26. Parental decisions or lack of provider recommendation during adolescence are barriers to on-time vaccination.

Increasing Routine Cancer Screening Among Underserved Populations Through Effective Communication Strategies: Application of a Health Literacy Framework.

Cancer prevention and control efforts serve as national priorities, as cancer is the second leading cause of death in the USA. In addition, cancer disparities exist, with racial/ethnic minority, low-income, and uninsured populations suffering the greatest burden. The goal of this paper is to describe the role that effective health communication can play in increasing routine cancer screening among medically underserved populations, thus decreasing persistent health disparities.

Examining the Influence of Cost Concern and Awareness of Low-cost Health Care on Cancer Screening among the Medically Underserved.

African Americans suffer a greater burden of mortality from breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers than other groups in the United States. Early detection through timely screening can improve survival outcomes; however, cost is frequently reported as a barrier to screening. Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) provide preventive and primary care to underserved populations regardless of ability to pay, positioning them to improve cancer screening rates.

HPV-Related Knowledge Among Dentists and Dental Hygienists.

Dental providers, such as dentists and dental hygienists, play an important role in HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer prevention. Dental professional organizations recommend dental providers educate patients about HPV and oral cancers. The objective of this study was to assess HPV knowledge among dental providers.

The Influence of Spiritual Framing on African American Women's Mammography Intentions: A Randomized Trial.

Spiritual framing of breast cancer communication may provide a useful strategy for addressing disparate rates of breast cancer mortality among African American women. The efficacy of a spiritually framed breast cancer screening (BCS) message was compared with that of a traditional BCS message. Specifically, 200 African American women were randomly assigned to review either a spiritually framed or traditional BCS message and complete a self-administered survey, including a thought-listing form.

Developing spiritually framed breast cancer screening messages in consultation with African American women.

Despite efforts to increase breast cancer screening (BCS) among African American women, disparities in breast cancer mortality persist. Culturally framed health communication may provide a useful strategy to address this issue. Spirituality not only represents an integral aspect of African American culture, but it has also been identified as a potential barrier to BCS among this population.