Laurence A. Mound 90 years: A collaborative life that laid the foundation of modern thrips studies.

In honour of Laurence Mound's 90th birthday, this special issue of Zootaxa serves as a tribute to his enduring legacy in entomology and Thysanoptera research. Mound's journey in the field has been marked by numerous discoveries, unwavering dedication, and invaluable collaborations that have profoundly influenced the study of Thysanoptera around the world. We here emphasise his lifelong commitment to the study of these minute insects and this provides an opportunity for researchers worldwide to share their insights and experiences, highlighting the impact Mound has had on their scientific pursuits.

Convoluted maxillary stylets among Australian Thysanoptera Phlaeothripinae associated mainly with Casuarinaceae trees.

The diversity is reviewed of Phlaeothripinae in Australia with unusually long or convoluted maxillary stylets. This comprises a total of 28 species in eight genera, including Enigmathrips carnarvoni gen et sp.n.

Endemism among Lord Howe Island Thysanoptera, with new species of Baenothrips (Phlaeothripidae) and Scirtothrips (Thripidae).

The Thysanoptera diversity of Lord Howe Island comprises 39 known species, of which 13 are considered likely to be endemic to this tiny remnant of an ancient submarine volcano. Three new species are described in Baenothrips, a small but widespread genus of wingless, fungus-feeding species in the Old World tropics. Two new species of Scirtothrips are described that are members of a species-group breeding on the youngest fronds of tree ferns.

Australian wildfires cause the largest stratospheric warming since Pinatubo and extends the lifetime of the Antarctic ozone hole.

Global mean lower stratosphere temperatures rose abruptly in January 2020 reaching values not experienced since the early 1990s. Anomalously high lower stratospheric temperatures were recorded for 4 months at highly statistically significant levels. Here, we use a combination of satellite and surface-based remote sensing observations to derive a time-series of stratospheric biomass burning aerosol optical depths originating from intense SouthEastern Australian wildfires and use these aerosol optical depths in a state-of-the-art climate model.

First records of Trichoptera from Timor-Leste, including seven newly described species.

Several collections of adults of the caddisfly order Trichoptera were studied from Timor-Leste, the nation-state comprising the eastern region of the island of Timor. The specimens represent ten families: Hydrobiosidae (2 species), Glossosomatidae (1 species), Hydroptilidae (3 species), Philopotamidae (5 species), Hydropsychidae (3 species), Polycentropodidae (1 species), Psychomyiidae (3 species), Xiphocentronidae (1 species), Lepidostomatidae (1 species), Leptoceridae (3 species). Among the 24 species listed, 16 were identified as established Southeast Asian species.

Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) of Angola, a new genus, seven new species, and five new records.

A collection of microcaddisflies from sites on the Cuito, Cuanavale, Cuembo, Cuando, Cubango, and Lungue Bungo Rivers in Angola has yielded seven new species and led to new records for a further five species. The new species include Hydroptila cuembica sp. nov.

Two new monobasic thrips genera for a gall-inducing species and its kleptoparasite (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae).

Drypetothrips korykis gen. et sp.n.

Host-shifts at family level in the Australian Acacia-thrips lineage (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae) with two new species.

The Australian Acacia-thrips lineage comprises at least 250 species in 30 genera of Phlaeothripinae, all of them known only from Acacia species in Australia. Two new species from two of these genera are described here as the first recorded instances of host-shifting within this diverse thrips lineage, with the host shifts being between unrelated angiosperm orders, from Fabales to Proteales and Myrtales. Brakothrips eucalypti sp.

Australian Diplectroninae reviewed (Insecta: Trichoptera), with description of 21 new species, most referred to a new genus.

The history of studies on Australian caddisflies in the hydropsychid subfamily Diplectroninae is outlined against a broader background of uncertainties in the delineation of the worldwide type genus, Diplectrona Westwood. For the Australian fauna, keys are given to genera of Diplectroninae that occur in Australia and to adult males of species in Diplectrona (including a newly synonymised genus, Diemeniluma Neboiss), Austropsyche Banks, and Arcyphysa gen. nov.

New and newly recorded micro-caddisfly species (Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Australia's north, including islands of Torres Strait.

From the north of Australia's Northern Territory, far northeastern Queensland and Torres Strait Islands, six new species of microcaddisfly are described: Hydroptila roperi sp. nov., Hellyethira khukri sp.

Review of New Caledonian species of Oxyethira Eaton, with description of 17 new species, and new records for Hydroptila Dalman and Hellyethira Neboiss (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae).

New Caledonian representation of the cosmopolitan genus Oxyethira Eaton is reviewed, with the description of new species bringing to 26 the total for the genus on the island. The species are referred to three subgenera: Trichoglene Neboiss (11 species), Pacificotrichia Kelley (13 species) and Dampfitrichia Ulmer (one species) and one species is unplaced to subgenus. A key is provided to Oxyethira species of New Caledonia.

Endemics and adventives: Thysanoptera (Insecta) biodiversity of Norfolk, a tiny Pacific Island.

The thrips fauna of Norfolk Island is a curious mix of endemics and adventives, with notable absences that include one major trophic group. A brief introduction is provided to the history of human settlement and its ecological impact on this tiny land mass in the western Pacific Ocean. The Thysanoptera fauna comprises about 20% endemic and almost 50% widespread invasive species, and shows limited faunal relationships to the nearest territories, Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand.

Review of the New Caledonian species of Acritoptila Wells, 1982 (Trichoptera, Insecta), with descriptions of 3 new species.

We review the New Caledonian representatives of the Australasian endemic hydroptiline genus Acritoptila, based on examination of a considerable collection of material in the Swedish Museum of Natural History and of types of previously established species. A key for identification of males is given and includes 3 species newly described here: A. parallela sp.

The New Caledonian genus Caledonotrichia Sykora (Trichoptera, Insecta) reviewed, with descriptions of 6 new species.

The New Caledonian endemic hydroptilid genus Caledonotrichia Sykora (Trichoptera) is reviewed and 6 new species are described: Caledonotrichia bifida, Caledonotrichia capensis, Caledonotrichia minuta, Caledonotrichia ouinnica, Caledonotrichia sykorai and Caledonotrichia vexilla. Together with the established species for which revised diagnoses are given, these raise to 11 the number of species known in this genus. The new species, females of 3 species, and several unusual larval cases are examined and described for further insight into relationships of this enigmatic genus.

Effect of spironolactone, potassium canrenoate and their common metabolite canrenone on serum digoxin measurement by digoxin III, a new digoxin immunoassay.

Spironolactone and potassium canrenoate (aldosterone antagonist diuretics) are often used with digoxin in clinical practice. It has been well documented in the literature that spironolactone, potassium canrenoate, and their common metabolite canrenone cross-react with several digoxin immunoassays at concentrations expected after therapeutic usage of these drugs and falsely elevate or lower serum digoxin concentrations. Recently, Abbott Laboratories marketed a new Digoxin III immunoassay for application on the AxSYM analyzer.

Effect of Asian ginseng, Siberian ginseng, and Indian ayurvedic medicine Ashwagandha on serum digoxin measurement by Digoxin III, a new digoxin immunoassay.

Asian ginseng, Siberian ginseng, and Indian Ayurvedic medicine Ashwagandha demonstrated modest interference with serum digoxin measurements by the fluorescent polarization immunoassay (FPIA). Recently, Abbott Laboratories marketed a new digoxin immunoassay, Digoxin III for application on the AxSYM analyzer. We studied potential interference of these herbal supplements on serum digoxin measurement by Digoxin III assay in vitro and compared our results with the values obtained by Tina-quant assay.

The effect of yogurt on acetaminophen absorption by activated charcoal and burnt toast.

Although acetaminophen overdose can be treated with N-acetylcysteine, activated charcoal is useful in preventing absorption of acetaminophen from the gut. Mixing activated charcoal with yogurt may make the dose more palatable. We investigated effects of yogurt on absorption of acetaminophen by burnt toast or activated charcoal in intestinal fluid using an in vitro model.

Effect of Indian Ayurvedic medicine Ashwagandha on measurement of serum digoxin and 11 commonly monitored drugs using immunoassays: study of protein binding and interaction with Digibind.

Context: Ashwagandha, a popular Ayurvedic medicine, is now available in the United States. Alkaloids found in this herb have structural similarity with digoxin.

Objective: To study potential interference of Ashwagandha with serum digoxin measurement by immunoassays.

Drug-herb interaction: effect of St John's wort on bioavailability and metabolism of procainamide in mice.

Context: St John's wort induces the activity of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system causing treatment failure because of increased metabolism of many drugs. Procainamide is metabolized by a different pathway to N-acetyl procainamide.

Objective: To study St John's wort-procainamide interaction using a mouse (Swiss Webster) model.

False-positive serum tricyclic antidepressant concentrations using fluorescence polarization immunoassay due to the presence of hydroxyzine and cetirizine.

A recent report indicates that hydroxyzine and its active metabolite cetirizine interfere with the PENTINA carbamazepine assay. The potential interference of hydroxyzine and cetirizine with the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and CEDIA assay of carbamazepine as well as with the fluorescence polarization immunoassay of tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) was studied. Aliquots of drug-free serum pools were supplemented with various concentrations of hydroxyzine and cetirizine representing therapeutic, mild to moderate toxic as well as very toxic concentrations.

False-positive serum tricyclic antidepressant concentrations using fluorescence polarization immunoassay due to the presence of hydroxyzine and cetirizine.

A recent report indicates that hydroxyzine and its active metabolite cetirizine interfere with the PENTINA carbamazepine assay. The potential interference of hydroxyzine and cetirizine with the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and CEDIA assay of carbamazepine as well as with the fluorescence polarization immunoassay of tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) was studied. Aliquots of drug-free serum pools were supplemented with various concentrations of hydroxyzine and cetirizine representing therapeutic, mild to moderate toxic as well as very toxic concentrations.

Effect of plantain on therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin and thirteen other common drugs.

Introduction: Plantain, a herbal remedy, has been reported to interfere with therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin. We evaluated three commercially available plantain products for potential interference with therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin and 13 other common drugs.

Method: Dry content of plantain capsule or plantain leaf was extracted with either methanol or ethanol:water (60:40 by volume), added to drug-free serum and apparent digoxin was measured by both fluorescence polarization immunoassay and microparticle enzyme immunoassay.

Comparison of spot tests with AdultaCheck 6 and Intect 7 urine test strips for detecting the presence of adulterants in urine specimens.

Background: Several adulterants are used to mask tests for abused drugs in urine. Adulterants such as "Klear" and "Whizzies" contain potassium nitrite while "Urine Luck" contains pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC). The presence of these adulterants cannot be detected by routine specimen integrity check (pH, specific gravity, creatinine and temperature).

Interference of carbamazepine and carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide in the fluorescence polarization immunoassay for tricyclic antidepressants: estimation of the true tricyclic antidepressant concentration in the presence of carbamazepine using a mathematical model.

We evaluated effects of carbamazepine and its metabolite, carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide, on the measurement of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) concentrations in serum using the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). We determined apparent TCA concentrations in 30 patients who were receiving carbamazepine but no TCAs. Carbamazepine concentrations ranged from 1.

Use of fluorescence polarization immunoassay for salicylate to avoid positive/negative interference by bilirubin in the Trinder salicylate assay.

Background: Significant positive bias of bilirubin in the Trinder salicylate method on automated analysers has been reported. Because the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for salicylate is also widely used in the clinical laboratory, we studied the potential interference of bilirubin in the salicylate FPIA.

Methods: Salicylate serum pools (three different pools) were prepared from patients receiving salicylate.