Screening and outcomes of co-occurring traumatic brain injury among people with spinal cord injury: a scoping review.

Objective: To map existing knowledge on screening and rehabilitation outcomes for co-occurring traumatic brain injury among people with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: Articles focusing on screening and rehabilitation outcomes in participants sustaining co-occurring traumatic brain injury and traumatic spinal cord injury (all ages) were identified in Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses electronic databases. There were no limitations on study design, date, or geographical location.

The effect of a minor health shock on labor market outcomes: The case of concussions.

The literature on health shocks finds that minor injuries have only short-term labor market impacts. However, mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs, commonly referred to as concussions) may be different as the medical literature highlights that they can have longer-term health and cognitive effects. Moreover, TBIs are one of the most common causes of disability globally, with the vast majority being mild.

Evaluation of a biopsychosocial education resource for mild traumatic brain injury: a mixed method exploratory study.

Introduction: Education is strongly advocated as a key component of treatment for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in clinical guidelines. However, there is mixed evidence on the benefit of education. This study aimed to evaluate a new education resource for mTBI.

Individual-level analysis of MRI T2 relaxometry in mild traumatic brain injury: Possible indications of brain inflammation.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), often called concussion, is a prevalent condition that can have significant implications for people's health, functioning and well-being. Current clinical practice relies on self-reported symptoms to guide decision-making regarding return to sport, employment, and education. Unfortunately, reliance on subjective evaluations may fail to accurately reflect the resolution of neuropathology, exposing individuals with mTBI to an increased risk of further head trauma.

Frequency and predictors of headache in the first 12 months after traumatic brain injury: results from CENTER-TBI.

Background: Headache is a prevalent and debilitating symptom following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Large-scale, prospective cohort studies are needed to establish long-term headache prevalence and associated factors after TBI. This study aimed to assess the frequency and severity of headache after TBI and determine whether sociodemographic factors, injury severity characteristics, and pre- and post-injury comorbidities predicted changes in headache frequency and severity during the first 12 months after injury.

Valued living after mild traumatic brain injury: Characteristics and relationship with outcomes.

Psychological factors are strong predictors of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) recovery, consequently, psychological interventions can form part of an individual's rehabilitation. This may include enhancing valued living (VL), an approach that is effective in severe and mixed acquired brain injury samples. This study aimed to characterize VL in mTBI and explore its relationship with mTBI and mental health outcomes.

Atypical symptom reporting after mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Early reporting of atypical symptoms following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may be an early indicator of poor prognosis. This study aimed to determine the percentage of people reporting atypical symptoms 1-month post-mTBI and explore links to recovery 12 months later in a community-dwelling mTBI sample.

Methods: Adult participants (>16 years) who had experienced a mTBI were identified from a longitudinal incidence study (BIONIC).

Comparing post-concussion symptom reporting between adults with and without a TBI history within an adult male correctional facility.

Background: A higher proportion of people in prison have a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) than the general population. However, little is known about potentially related persistent symptoms in this population.

Aims: To compare symptom reporting in men with and without a history of TBI following admission to a correctional facility.

Symptoms and Engagement in Anti-social Behavior 10 Years After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Within a Community Civilian Sample: A Prospective Cohort Study With Age-Sex Matched Control Group.

Objective: To determine if there are longer-term effects on symptoms, health status, mood, and behavior 10 years after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Community-based, civilian sample.

Network analysis applied to post-concussion symptoms in two mild traumatic brain injury samples.

Objective: A latent disease explanation cannot exclusively explain post-concussion symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Network analysis offers an alternative form of explanation for relationships between symptoms. The study aimed to apply network analysis to post-concussion symptoms in two different mTBI cohorts; an acute treatment-seeking sample and a sample 10 years post-mTBI.

Describing the patient journey through healthcare pathways following mild traumatic brain injury in New Zealand using novel Graph analysis.

Aim: To identify treatment provider sequences and healthcare pathway characteristics and outcomes for people with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in New Zealand.

Methods: Total mTBI costs and key pathway characteristics were analysed using national healthcare data (patient's injury and services provided). Graph analysis produced sequences of treatment provider types for claims with more than one appointment and healthcare outcomes (costs and time to exit pathway) were compared.

Patterns of post-traumatic stress symptoms in mild traumatic brain injury and their relationship with outcomes: a latent profile analysis.

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are known to contribute to postconcussion symptoms and functional status following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Identifying symptom cluster profiles provide an opportunity to better understand PTSS and their influence on these outcomes. In this study, latent profiles of PTSS following mTBI were identified, and their association with mTBI outcomes was examined.

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Does Not Significantly Affect Midlife Cognitive Functioning Within the General Population: Findings From a Prospective Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study.

Objective: To determine whether differences exist in mid-adulthood cognitive functioning in people with and without history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Setting: Community-based study.

Participants: People born between April 1, 1972, and March 31, 1973, recruited into the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Longitudinal Study, who completed neuropsychological assessments in mid-adulthood.

Mild traumatic brain injury increases engagement in criminal behaviour 10 years later: a case-control study.

Introduction: Sustaining a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been linked to increased criminal behaviour in later life. However, previous studies have not controlled for the number of injuries, gender, social deprivation, impact of past behaviour, or link to offence type. This study aims to determine if people who experienced a single or multiple mTBI have increased risk of criminal behaviour 10 years post-injury than matched orthopaedic controls.

Fear avoidance and return to work after mild traumatic brain injury.

Objectives: Fear avoidance is associated with symptom persistence after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). In this study, we investigated whether fear avoidance was associated with other outcomes such as return to work-related activity (RTW).

Materials And Methods: We analyzed associations between fear avoidance and RTW 6-9 months after mTBI, in two merged prospective mTBI cohorts.

Exploring facilitators and barriers to long-term behavior change following health-wellness coaching for stroke prevention: A qualitative study conducted in Auckland, New Zealand.

Introduction: Health-wellness coaching (HWC) has grown in popularity as a means of empowering individuals to take responsibility for their health behavior and make lifestyle changes to reduce their risk of stroke. Understanding the facilitators and barriers to long-term behavior change is key if preventive strategies such as HWC are to be robust and effective. This study aimed to explore the experiences of people at risk of stroke after receiving HWC for stroke prevention, specifically the facilitators and barriers to long-term behavior change from the perspective of study participants.

Healthcare pathways for mild traumatic brain injury patients in New Zealand, determined from Accident Compensation Corporation data.

Aims: To describe healthcare pathways for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients in New Zealand and identify areas for improvement.

Methods: A data science methodology was applied to mTBI ACC claims (children and adults) between 1 September 2016 and 1 September 2018, and payment and purchase order data until 1 September 2020. Frequency, median and interquartile ranges were used to describe the pathway.

Traumatic brain injury: progress and challenges in prevention, clinical care, and research.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has the highest incidence of all common neurological disorders, and poses a substantial public health burden. TBI is increasingly documented not only as an acute condition but also as a chronic disease with long-term consequences, including an increased risk of late-onset neurodegeneration. The first Commission on TBI, published in 2017, called for a concerted effort to tackle the global health problem posed by TBI.

Psychological flexibility moderates the influence of fear avoidance on outcomes after mild traumatic brain injury.

Objectives: Psychological factors contribute to poorer long-term outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI); however, the exact psychological mechanisms that underly this relationship are not well understood. This study examined the relationship between psychological flexibility, fear avoidance, and outcomes over the first 6 months after mTBI.

Method: Adults with mTBI-completed measures of psychological flexibility, fear avoidance, post-concussion symptoms, and functional status at baseline (<3 months post-injury; N = 152), and 3-month (N = 133) and 6-month follow-up (N = 102).

Brain Injury Screening Tool (BIST): test-retest reliability in a community adult sample.

Objective: To determine the test-retest reliability of the Brain Injury Screening Tool (BIST), which was designed to support the initial assessment of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) across a variety of contexts, including primary and secondary care.

Design: Test-retest design over a 2-week period.

Setting: Community based.

Knowledge and management of sport-related concussion in primary care in New Zealand.

Aim: To assess the current state of knowledge around sport-related concussion (SRC) guidelines and management among primary care doctors in New Zealand.

Methods: An online, self-administered, 21-item multi-choice questionnaire targeted at general practitioners and urgent care doctors in New Zealand was used. Main outcome measures were knowledge and management of patients with SRC through to return-to-sport.

Sex differences in outcomes from mild traumatic brain injury eight years post-injury.

The long-term effects of mild TBI (mTBI) are not well understood, and there is an ongoing debate about whether there are sex differences in outcomes following mTBI. This study examined i) symptom burden and functional outcomes at 8-years post-injury in males and females following mTBI; ii) sex differences in outcomes at 8-years post-injury for those aged <45 years and ≥45 years and; iii) sex differences in outcomes for single and repetitive TBI. Adults (≥16 years at injury) identified as part of a population-based TBI incidence study (BIONIC) who experienced mTBI 8-years ago (N = 151) and a TBI-free sample (N = 151) completed self-report measures of symptoms and symptom burden (Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptom Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist), and functional outcomes (Participation Assessments with Recombined Tools, Work Limitations Questionnaire).

Relaxation and related therapies for people with multiple sclerosis (MS): A systematic review.

Objective: To establish the effectiveness of relaxation and related therapies in treating Multiple Sclerosis related symptoms and sequelae.

Data Sources: PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global databases were searched.

Methods: We included studies from database inception until 31 December 2021 involving adult participants diagnosed with multiple sclerosis or disseminated sclerosis, which featured quantitative data regarding the impact of relaxation interventions on multiple sclerosis-related symptoms and sequelae.