Comparative Survival Analysis of Immunomodulatory Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cytokine Storm.

Background: Cytokine storm is a marker of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness severity and increased mortality. Immunomodulatory treatments have been repurposed to improve mortality outcomes.

Research Question: Do immunomodulatory therapies improve survival in patients with COVID-19 cytokine storm (CCS)?

Study Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of electronic health records across the Northwell Health system.

Heme oxygenase-1 deficiency presenting with interstitial lung disease and hemophagocytic flares.

Background: Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) catalyzes the metabolism of heme into carbon monoxide, ferrous iron, and biliverdin. Through biliverdin reductase, biliverdin becomes bilirubin. HMOX1-deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with hallmark features of direct antibody negative hemolytic anemia with normal bilirubin, hyperinflammation and features similar to macrophage activation syndrome.

Nebulized in-line endotracheal dornase alfa and albuterol administered to mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: a case series.

Background: Mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 have a mortality of 24-53%, in part due to distal mucopurulent secretions interfering with ventilation. DNA from neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to the viscosity of mucopurulent secretions and NETs are found in the serum of COVID-19 patients. Dornase alfa is recombinant human DNase 1 and is used to digest DNA in mucoid sputum.

The Longitudinal Immune Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019: Chasing the Cytokine Storm.

The clinical progression of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), to critical illness is associated with an exaggerated immune response, leading to magnified inflammation termed the "cytokine storm." This response is thought to contribute to the pathogenicity of severe COVID-19. There is an initial weak interferon response and macrophage activation that results in delayed neutrophil recruitment leading to impeded viral clearance.

Nebulized in-line endotracheal dornase alfa and albuterol administered to mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: A case series.

Background Mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a mortality of 24-53%, in part due to distal mucopurulent secretions interfering with ventilation. Dornase alfa is recombinant human DNase 1 and digests DNA in mucoid sputum. Nebulized dornase alfa is FDA-approved for cystic fibrosis treatment.

Graded Dalbavancin Challenge in a Patient With Severe Vancomycin Hypersensitivity Reaction.

Cross-reactivity should be considered when treating patients with a previous hypersensitivity reaction within the same class of antibiotics that share similar chemical structures. This case report describes a patient with severe hypersensitivity reaction to vancomycin who successfully tolerated a dalbavancin graded challenge.