Inactivation Predicts Rapid Recurrence in Inoperable Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Molecular factors predicting relapse in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (ES-NSCLC) are poorly understood, especially in inoperable patients receiving radiotherapy (RT). In this study, we compared the genomic profiles of inoperable and operable ES-NSCLC.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 53 patients with nonsquamous ES-NSCLC (stage I-II) treated at a single institution (University of Chicago) with surgery (ie, operable; n = 30) or RT (ie, inoperable; n = 23) who underwent tumor genomic profiling.

Radiation Therapy Without Anesthesia for a 2-Year-Old Child Using Audio-Visual Assisted Therapeutic Ambience in Radiation Therapy (AVATAR).

Purpose: Radiation therapy (RT) is essential to managing many pediatric malignancies but can provoke anxiety, fear, and discomfort for children owing to prolonged treatment time, extended course, and restrictive immobilization. Patients younger than 10 years frequently require daily general anesthesia (GA), which is resource intensive, expensive, potentially toxic, and anxiety and fear provoking. Audio-Visual Assisted Therapeutic Ambience in Radiation Therapy (AVATAR), a video streaming device, has been proposed as an alternative to anesthesia in patients aged 3 to 10 years.

Differential involvement of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in the host response to acute respiratory infections with wild-type and mutant Haemophilus influenzae strains.

We used a mouse model of acute respiratory infections to investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in the host response to Haemophilus influenzae. Acute aerosol exposures to wild-type strains of H. influenzae showed that TLR4 function was essential for TNF-alpha induction, neutrophil influx, and bacterial clearance.