Development of a latent dementia index in the aging, demographics, and memory study: Validation and measurement invariance by sex.

Latent variable models can create a latent dementia index (LDI) using cognitive and functional ability to approximate dementia likelihood. The LDI approach has been applied across diverse cohorts. It is unclear whether sex affects its measurement properties.

Pathways of care: a qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to engaging dementia care among underserved and minority populations in the US and Germany.

Objective: To identify barriers and facilitators to the use of formal dementia services among underserved and minority groups (UMG) in the United States and Germany.

Method: Semi-structured qualitative interviews with caregivers ( = 18) of persons with dementia in the United States and Germany. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

A Genetically Informed Longitudinal Study of Loneliness and Dementia Risk in Older Adults.

Although several studies have shown small longitudinal associations between baseline loneliness and subsequent dementia risk, studies rarely test whether change in loneliness predicts dementia risk. Furthermore, as both increase with advancing age, genetic and environmental selection processes may confound the putative causal association between loneliness and dementia risk. We used a sample of 2,476 individual twins from three longitudinal twin studies of aging in the Swedish Twin Registry to test the hypothesis that greater positive change in loneliness predicts greater dementia risk.

Dementia Caregivers' Experiences Engaging Supportive Services While Residing in Under-Resourced Areas.

Background: Family caregivers of people living with dementia benefit from supportive service use to address care needs associated with caregiving. Yet, research consistently demonstrates low rates of service use. Existing research has focused on barriers and facilitators to service use, with few studies examining the influence of caregivers' environmental context which often patterns social advantage and health services accessibility.

Health Factors as Potential Mediators of the Longitudinal Effect of Loneliness on General Cognitive Ability.

Objective: Higher levels of loneliness in older adulthood predict cognitive decline, but research on mediating mechanisms is sparse. We examine multisystemic physiological risk, functional ability, self-rated health, depressive symptoms, and social participation as mediating processes for the association between loneliness and general cognitive ability over a 10-year follow-up in an older adult sample.

Methods: Three waves of data from 3,005 individuals (mean intake age: 69.

Dementia in People with a Turkish Migration Background: Experiences and Utilization of Healthcare Services.

Background: As the proportion of older people with migration background (PwM) increases, the proportion of older PwM with dementia might also increase. Dementia is underdiagnosed in this group and a large proportion of PwM with dementia and family caregivers are not properly supported. Healthcare utilization is lower among older migrant populations.

The Area Deprivation Index: A novel tool for harmonizable risk assessment in Alzheimer's disease research.

Introduction: Residence in a disadvantaged neighborhood associates with adverse health exposures and outcomes, and may increase risk for cognitive impairment and dementia. Utilization of a publicly available, geocoded disadvantage metric could facilitate efficient integration of social determinants of health into models of cognitive aging.

Methods: Using the validated Area Deprivation Index and two cognitive aging cohorts, we quantified Census block-level poverty, education, housing, and employment characteristics for the neighborhoods of 2119 older adults.

Psychological sequelae of social isolation and loneliness might be a larger problem in young adults than older adults.

As the spread of COVID-19 has led to global efforts to social distance, concerns about the negative psychological effects of social isolation and loneliness have grown. The purpose of this commentary is to draw attention to 2 populations across the life span at risk for the psychological sequelae of social isolation and loneliness: young adults and old-old adults. We present data from three population-based longitudinal studies from two nations (United States and Sweden) to support this view.

Association of Neighborhood-Level Disadvantage With Cerebral and Hippocampal Volume.

Importance: Identifying risk factors for brain atrophy during the aging process can help direct new preventive approaches for dementia and cognitive decline. The association of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage with brain volume in this context is not well known.

Objective: To test whether neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with decreased brain volume in a cognitively unimpaired population enriched for Alzheimer disease risk.

Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate responsive element binding protein phosphorylation is required but not sufficient for activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone transcription.

cAMP is a major regulator of CRH transcription. However, receptors activating CRH neurons (alpha-adrenergic and glutamatergic) do not signal through cAMP, suggesting that calcium phospholipid-dependent signaling synergizes with small elevations of intracellular cAMP. To test this hypothesis, we examined the relationship between activation of CRH transcription, cAMP production, and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in neuronal cultures treated with the adenylyl cyclase stimulator, forskolin, the phorbol ester, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), or their combination.