Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant tumour with a poor prognosis. Therefore, potential treatment strategies and novel therapeutic targets have gained increased attention. Our data showed that the ethanol extract of Vanilla planifolia stem (VAS) significantly decreased the viability and the colony formation of GBM cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Advances in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery have led to improved postoperative outcomes after pituitary adenoma resection, including reduced length of stay, complications and readmission rates, without compromising safety and satisfaction.
Methods: Our team implemented a perioperative protocol in January 2021 for patients undergoing endoscopic, transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. This study compares preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes in 279 patients between 2016 and 2022 (128 preprotocol and 151 postprotocol).
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain cancer with a poor prognosis despite current treatments. This is partially attributed to the immunosuppressive environment facilitated by tumor-associated macrophages, which predominantly underlie the tumor-promoting M2 phenotype. This study investigated the potential of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, traditionally used to treat conditions such as decompression sickness, in modulating the macrophage phenotype toward the tumoricidal M1 state and disrupting the supportive tumor microenvironment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsulin is a key regulator of amino acid metabolism. Many plasma amino acids, including lysine and its metabolite, α-aminoadipic acid (α-AA), a predictor for developing diabetes, are elevated in insulin resistance (IR). In 18 overweight women with IR and polycystic ovary syndrome compared with 12 lean control women, high physiological insulin during a euglycemic clamp failed to normalize many elevated amino acid metabolites, including branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, α-aminobutyric acid, and lysine, but normalized α-AA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNoninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), are emerging as promising tools for enhancing cognitive functions by modulating brain activity and enhancing cognitive functions. Despite their potential, the specific and combined effects of tDCS and tRNS on brain functions, especially regarding functional connectivity, cortical inhibition, and memory performance, are not well-understood. This study aims to explore the distinct and combined impacts of tDCS and tRNS on these neural and cognitive parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContext: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals have greater access to genital surgery (GS) with improved insurance coverage and access to trained surgeons and interdisciplinary gender-affirming providers.
Objective: To determine perioperative medical and behavioral health outcomes in transfeminine (TF) individuals undergoing GS, with use of a specific gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) algorithm based on individualized risk factor assessment.
Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, we collected preoperative and postoperative data from 183 TF individuals at a single tertiary referral center from 2017 to 2022, grouping patients by those who continued estradiol (Group 1) vs those who had temporarily discontinued estradiol for 2 to 6 weeks preoperatively (Group 2).
The emergency department (ED) is at times the only place where patients can turn for symptom relief. Patients of all ages may turn to the ED for help with the management of end-of-life (EOL) and palliative care (PC) symptoms. Emergency medicine (EM) is a specialty that manages disease-directed treatment for a variety of acute conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: PIT1 is a pituitary transcription factor that is associated with either growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) production. However, PIT1-positive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are occasionally immunonegative for GH, PRL, and TSH. This paper describes the clinical presentation of PIT1 positive however immunonegative PitNETs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA false pituitary tumor describes pituitary enlargement due to intracranial hypotension. Reported previously primarily in the neurological literature, we present this case referred to endocrinology for evaluation of a pituitary mass. A 24-year-old male was referred to endocrinology for evaluation of pituitary enlargement without a hypo-enhancing lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadliest primary brain tumor in adults. Despite the advances in GBM treatment, outcomes remain poor, with a 2-year survival rate of less than 5%. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is an intermittent, high-concentration, short-term oxygen therapy used to increase cellular oxygen content.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe non-canonical photoisomerization-induced phase separation of an azobenzene-bearing polymer is found. The polymer composed of acrylate-based azobenzene (AzoAA) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), namely poly(AzoAA-r-DMA), phase separates under visible light-induced cis-to-trans isomerization at high molecular weight, whereas the phase separation is realized under UV light-induced trans-to-cis isomerization at low molecular weight. Conventionally, the origin of photoisomerization-induced phase separation is believed to arise from the difference in polarity between the apolar trans and polar cis states; thereby the direction of phase changes, either to separate or dissolute, is uniquely determined by the polarity changes during the isomerization of azobenzene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Gender-affirming hormone therapy guidelines describe the estradiol (E2) doses for intramuscular (IM), but not subcutaneous (SC), routes. The objective was to compare the SC and IM E2 doses and hormone levels in transgender and gender diverse individuals.
Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study at a single-site tertiary care referral center.
Objective: To study the relationship between the sex probability derived from the artificial intelligence (AI)-augmented electrocardiogram (ECG) and sex hormone levels.
Patients And Methods: Adult patients with total testosterone (TT; ng/dL) or estradiol (E2; pg/mL) levels (January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2020) with ECGs obtained within 6 months of the blood sample were identified. The closest ECG to the blood test was used.
With current medical advances, the human population continues to age. This presents healthcare practitioners with the increasing complexity of providing care to elderly patients with multifactorial medical and personal needs. This is a particular challenge in the emergency department, where patients often present for care in the last months of their lives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex health condition associated with metabolic disturbances and infertility. Recent data suggest that the prevalence of PCOS is increasing among women globally, although the etiology of these trends is undefined. Consequently, preclinical models that better reflect the biology of PCOS are urgently needed to facilitate research that can lead to the discovery of prevention strategies or improved management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe semiconductor industry continues to shrink the device sizes while applying more complex shapes and using diverse materials, which requires parallel improvements in the quality of ultrapure reagents. The need for ultrapure reagents has led to ever-higher demands for the performance of analytical instruments used to detect ultratrace impurities. In this study, nonvolatile impurities in ultrapure reagents were quantified using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The combination of atezolizumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and inhibits the interaction between PD-L1 and its receptors, and tazemetostat, an EZH2 inhibitor, may lead to selective epigenetic reprogramming, alter the tumor microenvironment, and provide additive or synergistic response to patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
Materials And Methods: This was an open-label, phase Ib study assessing the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of atezolizumab plustazemetostat in patients with R/R DLBCL. Atezolizumab (1200 mg) was administered via intravenous (IV) infusion on day 1 of each cycle and tazemetostat (800 mg) was given orally twice daily (BID) on days 1 to 21.
There is growing evidence that cellular functions are regulated by the viscoelastic nature of surrounding matrices. This study aimed to investigate the impact of interfacial viscoelasticity on adhesion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) behaviors of epithelial cells. The interfacial viscoelasticity was manipulated using spin-coated thin films composed of copolymers of ε-caprolactone and d,l-lactide photo-cross-linked with benzophenone, whose mechanical properties were characterized using atomic force microscopy and a rheometer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 58-year-old immunocompetent patient with previous prosthetic valve presented with chest pain, constitutional symptoms and septic shock. Blood cultures and transthoracic echocardiogram were negative, but the patient was initiated on broad spectrum antibiotics due to high clinical suspicions of infective endocarditis. The patient received a transoesophageal echocardiogram revealing a cystic bioprosthetic valve lesion.
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