Blindness and visual impairment: quality of life and accessibility in the city of Turin.

Purpose: Despite the increase in socio-health conditions and, in general, the focus on health worldwide, many diseases still adversely affect the quality of life (QoL), including those causing vision loss. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the QoL of people with visual impairments through a questionnaire and identify issues concerning everyday life in the urban and extra-urban areas of Turin.

Patients And Methods: A personalized questionnaire including 25 questions was distributed to 100 enrolled patients.

Corrigendum: Ocular effects caused by viral infections and corresponding vaccines: An overview of varicella zoster virus, measles virus, influenza viruses, hepatitis B virus, and SARS-CoV-2.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.

Ocular effects caused by viral infections and corresponding vaccines: An overview of varicella zoster virus, measles virus, influenza viruses, hepatitis B virus, and SARS-CoV-2.

Many viral infections can affect vision and the visual system. Vaccination to prevent diseases is commonplace today, acting by stimulating an immune response without developing the pathology. It involves the production of persisting antibodies against the pathogen and the activation of T cells.

Reduction of Intraocular Pressure Spikes Due to Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injections by Scleral Indentation with Cotton Swab or Digital Ocular Massage: Innovative Techniques Compared.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different decompressive injection techniques in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes, if compared to the injection without pressure applied on the eye, following the intravitreal injection of bevacizumab.

Patients And Methods: Two hundred patients with indication to intravitreal therapy were randomized into five arms: 40 received intravitreal injection without ocular decompression (arm A), 40 with pre-injection scleral indentation with cotton swab (arm B), 40 with pre-injection digital ocular massage (arm C), 40 with post-injection scleral indentation with cotton swab (arm D) and 40 with post-injection digital ocular massage (arm E). All patients underwent measurement of the IOP with Goldamm applanation tonometer 10 minutes before and 10 minutes after the injection.

Sex Hormones and Optic Nerve Disorders: A Review.

This review article presents a comprehensive overview of the literature on sex hormones (estrogens, androgens, progesterone) and optic nerve disorders, with a discussion of the implications for therapy and prevention. Epidemiological, pre-clinical and clinical studies were reviewed. Analysis of the biological basis for a relationship between eye diseases and sex hormones showed that some types of hormones can exert a protective effect either directly on the retina and optic nerve or indirectly by modulating ocular blood flow.

Gonadal Hormones and Retinal Disorders: A Review.

Aim: Gonadal hormones are essential for reproductive function, but can act on neural and other organ systems, and are probably the cause of the large majority of known sex differences in function and disease. The aim of this review is to provide evidence for this hypothesis in relation to eye disorders and to retinopathies in particular.

Methods: Epidemiological studies and research articles were reviewed.