Dose Build-up of High-energy 1H and 4He Ions in Standard, Innovative and In Situ Shielding Materials for Space Radiation: Measurements and Simulations.

Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are among the biggest hindrances to crewed space exploration. The ions contributing the most to fluence and absorbed dose in free space are 1H and 4He. In addition, their contribution to dose equivalent increases behind thick shields.