Targeted Silencing of NRF2 by rituximab-conjugated nanoparticles increases the sensitivity of chronic lymphoblastic leukemia cells to Cyclophosphamide.

Background: Targeting influential factors in resistance to chemotherapy is one way to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway overexpresses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and appears to have a significant part in their survival and chemotherapy resistance. Here we produced novel nanoparticles (NPs) specific for CD20-expressing CLL cells with simultaneous anti-Nrf2 and cytotoxic properties.

Cord blood stem cell-generated KIRNK cells effectively target leukemia cell lines.

Acute lymphoid (ALL) and myeloid leukemia (AML) are known to be invasive and highly lethal hematological malignancies. Because current treatments are insufficient and have a variety of side effects, researchers are looking for new and more effective therapeutic methods. Interestingly, ongoing efforts to find the best approach to optimize NK cell anti-leukemia potential shed light on the successful treatment of cancer.

The altered expression of homing factors in CD34 hematopoietic stem cells following G-CSF injection and its effects on transplantation quality in ALL patients.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transplantation is considered a suitable treatment for malignant or nonmalignant hematological diseases. This study aims to investigate the HSCs homing factors in bone marrow (BM) donors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients following granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) injection, as well as the G-CSF effects on BM transplantation quality in these patients. To mobilize HSCs into peripheral blood, G-CSF was used for ALL patient's BM donors.

Paediatric pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-derived exosomes regulate immune function in human T cells.

Exosomes derived from solid tumour cells are involved in immune suppression, angiogenesis and metastasis; however, the role of leukaemia-derived exosomes has less been investigated. Hence, changes in immune response-related genes and human T cells apoptosis co-incubated with exosomes isolated from patients' pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were evaluated in this in vitro study. Vein blood sample was obtained from each newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patient prior any therapy.

The role of CD44 in cancer chemoresistance: A concise review.

CD44 is a cell surface adhesion molecule, which is overexpressed on cancer stem cells. The interaction of CD44 with hyaluronan is responsible for tumor development, metastasis, and expression of the chemoresistant phenotype. The overexpression of CD44 impedes the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy medications in various cancers.

WT-1, BAALC, and ERG Expressions in Iranian Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Pre- and Post-chemotherapy.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most prevalent acute leukemia in adults. It possesses different cytogenetic and molecular features. The expression of Wilms tumor-1 , brain and acute leukemia, cytoplasmic and ETS-related gene might be considered as prognostic factors in AML patients.

Platelet Microparticle Controversial Role in Cancer.

Platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) are a group of micrometer-scale extracellular vesicles released by platelets upon activation that are responsible for the majority of microvesicles found in plasma. PMPs' physiological properties and functions have long been investigated by researchers. In this regard, a noticeable area of studies has been devoted to evaluating the potential roles and effects of PMPs on cancer progression.

Exosome: From leukemia progression to a novel therapeutic approach in leukemia treatment.

Exosomes, as small vesicles, are released by tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (cells and function as key intercellular mediators and effects on different processes including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and evasion from immune system. These functions are due to exosomes' biomolecules which make them as efficient markers in early diagnosis of the disease. Also, exosomes have been recently applied in vaccination.

Low-Level Laser Irradiation Modulated Viability of Normal and Tumor Human Lymphocytes In Vitro.

Laser radiation is a promising strategy against various malignancies. Recent studies have shown that the application of low-power laser therapy (LPLT) at different doses and exposure times could modulate the growth dynamic of tumor cells. Based on the type of laser, LPLT could potentially trigger cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in different cell lines.

Cord blood stem cell derived CD16 NK cells eradicated acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells using with anti-CD47 antibody.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive cancer in children and adults which possess higher CD47 expression than normal cells. ALL chemotherapy has a lot of side effects and in most cases is ineffective. However arrival of Natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapy raised hopes for successful treatment of cancers, tailoring NK cells to meet clinical requirements is still under investigation.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived-exosomes in diseases treatment.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with the size of 40-100 nm in diameter and a density of 1.13-1.19 g/mL, containing proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and DNAs.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A novel therapeutic paradigm.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been revealed to hold great potential for the development of new treatment approaches for various diseases. However, the clinical use of these cells is limited due to their tumorigenic effects. The therapeutic benefits of MSCs are largely dependent on paracrine factors including extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Novel therapeutic approaches in utilizing platelet lysate in regenerative medicine: Are we ready for clinical use?

Hemoderivative materials are used to treat different diseases. These derivatives include platelet-rich plasma, serum, platelet gel, and platelet lysate (PL). Among them, PL contains more growth factors than the others and its production is inexpensive and easy.

The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Microvesicles on Erythroid Differentiation of Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived CD34 Cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow via cell-to-cell contact, as well as secretion of cytokines and microvesicles (MVs). In this study, we investigated the effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles (MSC-MVs) on erythroid differentiation of umbilical cord blood-derived CD34 cells. In this descriptive study, CD34 cells were cultured with mixture of SCF (10 ng/ml) and rhEPO (5 U/ml) cytokines in complete IMDM medium as positive control group.

The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Hematopoietic Stem Cells Fate.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent stem cells, with self-renewal ability as well as ability to generate all blood cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells, with self-renewal ability, and capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types. MSCs have supporting effects on hematopoiesis; through direct intercellular communications as well as secreting cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Rapamycin Inhibits Expansion of Cord Blood Derived NK and T Cell.

Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is important in hematopoiesis. Despite the central role of mTOR in regulating the differentiation of immune cells, the effect of mTOR function on cord blood mononuclear cells is yet to be defined.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of mTOR inhibition, using rapamycin on the proliferation and apoptosis of cord blood mononuclear cells, as well as on the B and T cell expansion.

The Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Granulocytic Differentiation of HL-60 Cells.

Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types. They control the process of hematopoiesis by secreting regulatory cytokines and growth factors and by the expression of important cell adhesion molecules for cell-to-cell interactions. This investigation was intended to examine the effect of bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs on the differentiation of HL-60 cells according to morphological evaluation, flow cytometry analysis, and gene expression profile.

The Study of Extracellular Protein Fractions of Probiotic Candidate Bacteria on Cancerous Cell Line.

Introduction: Probiotics are live microorganisms, habituated in the human intestine, which have a beneficial effect on our health. In spite of many reports about the anticancer effect of these bacteria in in-vivo and in-vitro, their mechanisms of action are not completely understood. The goal of this study was to compare the extracellular fractions of Lactobacillus casei and L.

NF-Kβ Activation in U266 Cells on Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are one of the essential members of Bone Marrow (BM) microenvironment and the cells affect normal and malignant cells in BM milieu. One of the most important hematological malignancies is Multiple Myeloma (MM). Numerous studies reported various effects of MSCs on myeloma cells.

Lactobacillus Casei Decreases Organophosphorus Pesticide Diazinon Cytotoxicity in Human HUVEC Cell Line.

Purpose: Exposure to diazinon can trigger acute and chronic toxicity and significantly induces DNA damage and proapoptotic effects in different human cells. Due to the significance of probiotic bacteria antitoxin effect, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus casei on diazinon (DZN) cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro.

Methods: The cytotoxicity assessments were performed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test, DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining and flow cytometric methodologies.

Effects of combination of melatonin and laser irradiation on ovarian cancer cells and endothelial lineage viability.

The main goal of anti-cancer therapeutic approaches is to induce apoptosis in tumor masses but not in the normal tissues. Nevertheless, the combination of photodynamic irradiation with complementary oncostatic agents contributes to better therapeutic performance. Here, we applied two different cell lines; SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma cells and HUVECs umbilical cord cells as in vitro models to pinpoint whether pharmacological concentration of melatonin in combination with photodynamic therapy induces cell cytotoxicity.

Effect of Anger Patterns and Depression on Serum IgA and NK Cell Frequency.

Background: There are conflicting findings about relationship between depression and anger with immunological parameters.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between anger patterns and immune system in depressed patients.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with major depressive disorder were selected according to DSM-IV criteria.

Improved Survival and Hematopoietic Differentiation of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells on Electrospun Polycaprolactone Nanofiber.

Objective: Three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic nanofiber scaffolds have widespread ap- plications in biomedical tissue engineering. They provide a suitable environment for cel- lular adhesion, survival, proliferation and differentiation, guide new tissue formation and development, and are one of the outstanding goals of tissue engineering. Electrospinning has recently emerged as a leading technique for producing biomimetic scaffolds with mi- cro to nanoscale topography and a high porosity similar to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM).

Implications of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of multipotent progenitors which reside in bone marrow, fat, and some other tissues and can be isolated from various adult and fetal tissues. Self-renewal potential and multipotency are MSC's hallmarks. They have the capacity of proliferation and differentiation into a variety of cell lineages like osteoblasts, condrocytes, adipocytes, fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes.

Polyurethane dispersion containing quaternized ammonium groups: An efficient nanosize gene delivery carrier for A549 cancer cell line transfection.

A novel polyurethane containing cationic ammonium groups (QPU) was synthesized and used as vector for gene therapy and cancer gene targeting. The synthesized QPU was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods. An agarose gel retardation electrophoresis assay was conducted to verify the complete complex formation between QPU and pDNA.