Performance Investigation of Somfit Sleep Staging Algorithm.

Purpose: To investigate accuracy of the sleep staging algorithm in a new miniaturized home sleep monitoring device - Compumedics® Somfit. Somfit is attached to patient's forehead and combines channels specified for a pulse arterial tonometry (PAT)-based home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) device with the neurological signals. Somfit sleep staging deep learning algorithm is based on convolutional neural network architecture.

Repeatability and Reproducibility of Retinal Fractal Dimension Measured with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Healthy Eyes: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

The retinal vascular network fractal dimension (FD) could be a promising imaging biomarker. Our objective was to evaluate its repeatability and reproducibility in healthy eyes. A cross-sectional study was undertaken with young, healthy volunteers who had no reported cardiac risk factors or ocular disease history.

Thermal imaging potential and limitations to predict healing of venous leg ulcers.

Area analysis of thermal images can detect delayed healing in diabetes foot ulcers, but not venous leg ulcers (VLU) assessed in the home environment. This study proposes using textural analysis of thermal images to predict the healing trajectory of venous leg ulcers assessed in home settings. Participants with VLU were followed over twelve weeks.

Can Thermal Imaging Technique be Used to Predict the Healing Status of a Venous Leg Ulcer?

Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are the most common chronic wound types in older populations, with many wounds not healing in the normal trajectory. Many older people with wounds are treated in their homes, currently assessed by monitoring the wound area over weeks to ascertain the potential for healing. A noncontact method using thermal imaging has been shown to predict the healing trajectory of diabetes-related foot ulcers, although has not been tested in VLU or the home setting.

Relation Between Retinal Vasculature and Retinal Thickness in Macular Edema.

This study has investigated the relationship of the retinal vasculature and the retinal thickness for Macular Edema (ME) subjects. Ninety sets of Fluorescein Angiograph (FA) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) of 54 participants were analyzed. Multivariate analysis using the binary logistic regression model was used to study the association between vessel parameters and retinal thickness.

The association of temperature of Diabetic Foot Ulcers with Chronic Kidney Disorder.

The area of the diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and its reduction over weeks is used for assessment in clinical practices; however, literature reports that this is not reliable parameter. This work has investigated the association of change in the mean temperature of the ulcers with three clinical conditions relevant to wound healing, i.e.

Association between Optical Coherence Tomography and Fluorescein Angiography based retinal features in the diagnosis of Macular Edema.

The association between optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the geometrical vascular parameters obtained from the fluorescein angiography (FA) of the eyes with macular edema (ME) was investigated. Data from 82 untreated eyes with ME were studied. Fractal dimension (FD), simple tortuosity, branching angle, total angle count and vessel to background ratio were the five vasculature parameters from FA that were studied.

Agreement study between color and IR retinal images based on retinal vasculature morphological parameters.

Background: Color fundus photography have been extensively used to explore the link between retinal morphology changes associated with various disease i.e. Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma.

Introducing a Novel Layer in Convolutional Neural Network for Automatic Identification of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Convolutional neural networks have been widely used for identifying diabetic retinopathy on color fundus images. For such application, we proposed a novel framework for the convolutional neural network architecture by embedding a preprocessing layer followed by the first convolutional layer to increase the performance of the convolutional neural network classifier. Two image enhancement techniques i.

Exudate detection in fundus images using deeply-learnable features.

Presence of exudates on a retina is an early sign of diabetic retinopathy, and automatic detection of these can improve the diagnosis of the disease. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been used for automatic exudate detection, but with poor performance. This study has investigated different deep learning techniques to maximize the sensitivity and specificity.

Fundus images analysis using deep features for detection of exudates, hemorrhages and microaneurysms.

Background: Convolution neural networks have been considered for automatic analysis of fundus images to detect signs of diabetic retinopathy but suffer from low sensitivity.

Methods: This study has proposed an alternate method using probabilistic output from Convolution neural network to automatically and simultaneously detect exudates, hemorrhages and microaneurysms. The method was evaluated using two approaches: patch and image-based analysis of the fundus images on two public databases: DIARETDB1 and e-Ophtha.

Is Thermal Imaging a Useful Predictor of the Healing Status of Diabetes-Related Foot Ulcers? A Pilot Study.

Introduction: In clinical practice, both area and temperature of the ulcer have been shown to be effective in tracking the healing status of diabetes-related foot ulcer (DRFU). However, traditionally, the area of the DRFU is measured regardless of the temperature distribution. The current prospective, observational study used thermal imaging, as a more accurate tool, to measure both the area and the temperature of DRFU.

High-Resolution Spectral Analysis Accurately Identifies the Bacterial Signature in Infected Chronic Foot Ulcers in People With Diabetes.

Diabetic foot infections are a major cause of hospitalization, and delayed treatment can lead to numerous complications. The aim of this research was to investigate high-resolution spectroscopy of the wound center and periwound area for real-time estimation of multispectral signature of bacteria at the base of diabetic foot ulcers. We investigated the spectrum of the reflected visual light from diabetic foot ulcers and developed a method that identifies the presence of bacteria in the wound infections.

A novel approach for quantification of contour irregularities of diabetic foot ulcers and its association with ischemic heart disease.

Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is a common and global health problem in patients suffering from Diabetes. Delayed healing of these ulcers lead to serious problems, such as infection and amputation, apart from the problems faced in carrying out daily activities. This work has hypothesized the change in irregularity of wound contour may be linked to patient's clinical conditions.

A novel method for segmentation of Infrared Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (IR-SLO) images of retina.

Retinal vessel segmentation forms an essential element of automatic retinal disease screening systems. The development of multimodal imaging system with IR-SLO and OCT could help in studying the early stages of retinal disease. The advantages of IR-SLO to examine the alterations in the structure of retina and direct correlation with OCT can be useful for assessment of various diseases.

Personality and Total Health Through Life Project Eye Substudy: Methodology and Baseline Retinal Features.

Purpose: To describe the methodology and present the retinal grading findings of an older sample of australians with well-defined indices of neurocognitive function in the Personality and total Health (PATH) through life project.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: Three hundred twenty-six individuals from the PatH through life project were invited to participate.

Green lasers are beyond power limits mandated by safety standards.

There has been an increasing number of reports of people losing vision from laser exposure from pocket laser pointers despite the safety limit of 1 milliwatt (1mW) imposed by the Australian government. We hypothesize that this is because commercially available red and green laser pointers are exceeding their labeled power outputs. We tested the power outputs of 4 red and 4 green lasers which were purchased for less than AUD$30 each.

Adaptive Higuchi's dimension-based retinal vessel diameter measurement.

This paper proposes the use of an adaptive model to measure the width of retinal vessels in fundus photographs. It is based on the hypothesis that the Higuchi's dimension of the cross-section is proportional to the vessel diameter. This approach does not require image segmentation and binarization of the vessels and therefore is suitable for machine based measurements.

Automatic Analysis of Retinal Vascular Parameters for Detection of Diabetes in Indian Patients with No Retinopathy Sign.

This study has investigated the association between retinal vascular parameters with type II diabetes in Indian population with no observable diabetic retinopathy. It has introduced two new retinal vascular parameters: total number of branching angles (TBA) and average acute branching angles (ABA) as potential biomarkers of diabetes in an explanatory model. A total number of 180 retinal images (two (left and right) × two (ODC and MC) × 45 subjects (13 diabetics and 32 nondiabetics)) were analysed.

Zone specific fractal dimension of retinal images as predictor of stroke incidence.

Fractal dimensions (FDs) are frequently used for summarizing the complexity of retinal vascular. However, previous techniques on this topic were not zone specific. A new methodology to measure FD of a specific zone in retinal images has been developed and tested as a marker for stroke prediction.

Relationship between diabetes and grayscale fractal dimensions of retinal vasculature in the Indian population.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing in the Indian population. The purpose of this study was to identify changes in the retinal vasculature of diabetic people, ahead of visual impairments. Grayscale Fractal Dimension (FD) analysis of retinal images was performed on people with type 2 diabetes from an Indian population.

A method for visualization of fine retinal vascular pulsation using nonmydriatic fundus camera synchronized with electrocardiogram.

Pulsatile changes in retinal vascular geometry over the cardiac cycle have clinical implication for diagnosis of ocular and systemic vascular diseases. In this study, we report a Vesselness Mapping of Retinal Image Sequence (VMRS) methodology to visualize the vessel pulsation and quantify the pulsatile motions in the cardiac cycle. Retinal images were recorded in an image sequence corresponding to 8 segments of the cardiac cycle using a nonmydriatic fundus camera (Canon CR45, Canon Inc.

Adaptive colour transformation of retinal images for stroke prediction.

Identifying lesions in the retinal vasculature using Retinal imaging is most often done on the green channel. However, the effect of colour and single channel analysis on feature extraction has not yet been studied. In this paper an adaptive colour transformation has been investigated and validated on retinal images associated with 10-year stroke prediction, using principle component analysis (PCA).

Does retinal vascular geometry vary with cardiac cycle?

Purpose: Changes in retinal vascular parameters have been shown to be associated with systemic vascular diseases. In this study, we assessed the physiologic variations in retinal vascular measurements during the cardiac cycle.

Methods: Fundus images were taken using electrocardiogram-synchronized retinal camera at nine distinct cardiac points from 15 healthy volunteers (135 images).

Automatic retinal vessel profiling using multi-step regression method.

Caliber of the retinal blood vessel is widely used for risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases. Accurate and automatic caliber measurement requires a precise model to be made for the vessel profile. In this paper, we present a new approach for retinal vessel profiling in which the background noise, uneven illuminations and specular reflections have all been considered.