Role of Polyphenols on Gut Microbiota and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Today, neurodegenerative diseases have become a remarkable public health challenge due to their direct relation with aging. Accordingly, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms occurring in the pathogenesis of them is essential. Both protein aggregations as a result of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) inefficiency and gut microbiota alternation are the main pathogenic hallmarks.

Ubiquitin-proteasome system and the role of its inhibitors in cancer therapy.

Despite all the other cells that have the potential to prevent cancer development and metastasis through tumour suppressor proteins, cancer cells can upregulate the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) by which they can degrade tumour suppressor proteins and avoid apoptosis. This system plays an extensive role in cell regulation organized in two steps. Each step has an important role in controlling cancer.

Why does COVID-19 pathology have several clinical forms?

The outbreak of a new, potentially fatal virus, SARS-COV-2, which started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and since developed into a pandemic has stimulated research for an effective treatment and vaccine. For this research to be successful, it is necessary to understand the pathology of the virus. So far, we know that this virus can harm different organs of the body.

Content Validity of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Children with Cerebral Palsy Aged 0-6 Years: Iranian Occupational Therapists Perspective.

Objectives: Comprehensive ICF Core Set of cerebral palsy (CP) includes a set of functions of children with CP has been created recently. This study determined the content validity of this version based on Iranian Occupational Therapists' perspectives to explore whether the ICF Core Sets for CP include the areas of function of CP in Occupational Therapy practice.

Materials & Methods: This qualitative study conducted from Feb 2015 to Apr 2016 in Tehran, Iran.

A Bayesian Approach for Sensor Optimisation in Impact Identification.

This paper presents a Bayesian approach for optimizing the position of sensors aimed at impact identification in composite structures under operational conditions. The uncertainty in the sensor data has been represented by statistical distributions of the recorded signals. An optimisation strategy based on the genetic algorithm is proposed to find the best sensor combination aimed at locating impacts on composite structures.

The Relationship between Motor Function and Behavioral Function in Infants with Low Birth Weight.

Objective: Nowadays, the evaluation of all aspects of infant development is important. However, in practice, some of these assessments, especially those requiring more manipulation on high-risk infants, may impose additional stress on them. Therefore, sometimes it is essential to utilize the results of a developmental assessment for the prediction of some other aspects of development.

Comparison of motor development of low birth weight (LBW) infants with and without using mechanical ventilation and normal birth weight infants.

Background: To determine whether using mechanical ventilation in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) influences motor development of low birth weight (LBW) infants and to compare their motor development with normal birth weight (NBW) infants at the age of 8 to 12 months using Peabody Developmental Motor Scale 2 (PDMS-2).

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 70 LBW infants in two groups, mechanical ventilation (MV) group, n=35 and without mechanical ventilation (WMV) group, n=35 and 40 healthy NBW infants matched with LBW group for age. Motor quotients were determined using PDMS-2 and compared in all groups using ANOVA statistical method and SPSS version 17.

Motor developmental status of moderately low birth weight preterm infants.

Objective: Motor development is frequently reported to be impaired in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, but little is known about the moderately low birth weight (MLBW) infants. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MLBW preterm infants present developmental delay.

Methods: In a historical cohort study, 18±2 month-old infants with a history of low birth weight (LBW) were identified.

Parental self-support: A study of parents' confront strategy when giving birth to premature infants.

Background: This study aimed to understand the confront strategies of parents of premature infants hospitalized in NICU.

Methods: This study was performed using qualitative content analysis approach. Twelve participants including nine parents whose infants were hospitalized in NICU, two nurses and one physician, all selected by purposive sampling method were interviewed by a female expert occupational therapist.

Supporting-emotional needs of Iranian parents with premature infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

Background: Having an infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a stressful and painful experience. Unlike to normal births, this birth is associated with admission and separation of infant from parents. The aim of this study was to compile the supporting-emotional needs of Iranian parents who have a premature infant admitted in (NICU).

Identification of infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder and developmental language delay prior to 12 months.

Studies have shown an increased head circumference and the absence of the head tilt reflex as possible risk factors for autism spectrum disorder, allowing for early detection at 12 months in typically developing population of infants. Our aim was to develop a screening tool to identify infants prior to 12 months at risk for autism spectrum disorder and developmental learning delay, not affected by literacy or primary parental language, and provide immediate determination of risk for autism spectrum disorder. An abrupt head circumference acceleration and the absence of head tilt reflex by 9 months were used to identify infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder.

Effects of tactile-kinesthetic stimulation on low birth weight neonates.

Objective: Low Birth Weight [LBW] (1500gr ≤ Birth Weight ≤ 2499 gr) is one of the most serious health problems in neonates. These neonates need complementary interventions (e.g.

PK-PD integration and modeling of marbofloxacin in sheep.

The fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drug, marbofloxacin, was administered intravenously (IV) and intramuscularly (IM) to sheep at a dose rate of 2 mg kg(-1) in a 2-period cross-over study. Using a tissue cage model of inflammation, the pharmacokinetic properties of marbofloxacin were established for serum, inflamed tissue cage fluid (exudate) and non-inflamed tissue cage fluid (transudate). For serum, after IV dosing, mean values for pharmacokinetic parameters were: clearance 0.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of marbofloxacin administered alone and in combination with tolfenamic acid in goats.

In a four-period cross-over study, the fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug marbofloxacin (MB) was administered to goats intramuscularly (IM) at a dose rate of 2 mg/kg, both alone and in combination with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug tolfenamic acid (TA), also administered IM at a dose rate of 2 mg/kg. Using a tissue cage model of inflammation, based on the irritant actions of carrageenan, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of MB and MB in combination with TA were determined. MB mean values of area under concentration-time curve (AUC) were similar for serum (5.

Fate of aflatoxin M1 in Iranian white cheese processing.

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is an important mycotoxin frequently found in milk and dairy products. AFM1 is a major metabolic product of Aflatoxin B1 and is usually excreted in the milk and urine of dairy cattle that have consumed aflatoxin-contaminated feed. The aim of this study was to determine the AFM1 concentration in curd and whey of Iranian white cheese.

Cardiopulmonary effects and pharmacokinetics of i.v. dexmedetomidine in ponies.

Reasons For Performing Study: Currently available sedatives depress cardiopulmonary function considerably; therefore, it is important to search for new, less depressive sedatives. The study was performed to assess duration and intensity of cardiopulmonary side effects of a new sedative, dexmedetomidine (DEX), in horses.

Objectives: To study pharmacokinetics and cardiopulmonary effects of i.

Pharmacokinetics and PK-PD modelling of danofloxacin in camel serum and tissue cage fluids.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of danofloxacin were studied in the camel in a two period cross-over study. After intravenous (i.v.

Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and PK-PD integration of danofloxacin in sheep biological fluids.

The fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drug danofloxacin was administered to sheep intravenously (i.v.) and intramuscularly (i.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of danofloxacin administered by two dosing regimens in calves infected with Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of danofloxacin in calves with induced Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica pneumonia were evaluated. Calves received either saline as an intravenous (IV) bolus or danofloxacin (0.738 mg/kg of body weight) administered as either a single IV bolus or a 36-h continuous IV infusion.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration of marbofloxacin in calf serum, exudate and transudate.

Marbofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drug used in cattle for the treatment of respiratory infections. In this investigation the pharmacokinetics (PK) of marbofloxacin were determined after intravenous and intramuscular dosing at a dosage of 2 mg/kg. In addition the ex vivo pharmacodynamics (PD) of the drug were determined in serum and three types of tissue cage fluid (transudate, inflammatory exudate generated by carrageenan and exudate generated by lipopolysaccharide).

Clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics of carprofen in the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis.

Six medium to large breed dogs with osteoarthritis were treated with 2 mg/kg of racemic carprofen, mixed with their morning feed, daily for 28 days. The treatment significantly (P < 0.01) reduced their mean lameness score, measured on a visual analogue scale, and there was a trend (P = 0.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of danofloxacin in serum and tissue fluids of goats following intravenous and intramuscular administration.

Objective: To determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of danofloxacin in goats and the concentrations required to induce bacteriostasis, bactericidal activity, and bacterial elimination.

Animals: 6 healthy British Saanen goats.

Procedure: Danofloxacin (1.

Cardiopulmonary side-effects and pharmacokinetics of an emulsion of propofol (Disoprivan) in comparison to propofol solved in polysorbate 80 in goats.

The aim of this study was to determine whether any pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic differences exist in goats between propofol in its currently licensed form (Disoprivan) and a new 1% solution of propofol (NSP) containing polysorbate 80. Nine goats received, on two different occasions in a randomized double-blinded order, 4 mg/kg propofol intravenously (i.v.

Antibiotic treatment for animals: effect on bacterial population and dosage regimen optimisation.

Concern regarding antimicrobial resistance has led to proposals for the prudent use of antimicrobial agents. Whilst this is appropriate, it is not sufficient. This article proposes that dosage schedules should be developed to provide a basis for the rational use of antimicrobial drugs.