Non-lethal rodent malarial infection prevents collagen-induced arthritis in mice via anti-arthritic immunomodulation.

Aims: Immunomodulatory effects of parasitic infections on the outcomes of allergic or autoimmune disorders have been addressed in many experimental studies. We examined the effects of Plasmodium yoelii 17X NL (Py) infection on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).

Methods And Results: Male DBA/1J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen (IIC).

The course of infection with Toxoplasma gondii RH strain in mice pre-vaccinated with gamma irradiated tachyzoites.

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan of major medical and veterinary importance. Its treatment is difficult since the available drugs have severe side effects and reactivation may occur anytime. Vaccination with irradiated parasites exhibits ideal characteristics for vaccine development.

PDL-1 Blockade Prevents T Cell Exhaustion, Inhibits Autophagy, and Promotes Clearance of Leishmania donovani.

is a causative pathogen of potentially fatal visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Therapeutic agents are available; however, their use is limited because of high cost, serious side effects, and development of antimicrobial resistance. Protective immunity against VL depends on CD4 Th1 cell-mediated immunity.