Visceral leishmaniasis complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A case report from a nonendemic area.

Key Clinical Message: Visceral leishmaniasis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis share many features in common and may coincide in the same patient. Timely diagnosis and management of visceral leishmaniasis could save patients from unnecessary toxic treatment.

Abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis share many clinical features in common and may coexist in the same patient.

Recurrent sideroblastic anemia during pregnancy.

Sideroblastic anemia is a heterogeneous group of disorders typified by the presence of ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow and has congenital and acquired types. Sideroblastic anemia is a rare event in pregnancy. We report a case of a 32-year-old female patient, gravida 4 para 3, 27th weeks pregnant, who presented to the emergency department complaining of palpitation and generalized weakness for 2 weeks.

Algae as Bio-fertilizers: Between current situation and future prospective.

Bio-fertilization is a sustainable agricultural practice that includes using bio-fertilizers to increase soil nutrient content resulting in higher productivity. Soil micro-flora has been exposed to improve soil fertility and increase biomass productivity and identified as a correct environmentally friendly bio-based fertilizer for pollution-free agricultural applies. The majority of cyanobacteria can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and several species including .

Coexistence of Prefibrotic Myelofibrosis with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance: A Case Report.

The coexistence of dual hematological neoplasms is an unusual and challenging presentation due to the different combination of etiopathology. The presentation of synchronous dual hematological malignancies can be one of the 3 types: myeloid + lymphoid or dual lymphoid or dual myeloid. Here, we are reporting a case of a 53-year-old male with simultaneous presence of JAK-positive myeloproliferative neoplasm with features favoring prefibrotic phase of primary myelofibrosis (pre-PMF) in combination with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).

Aberrant Acquisition of T-cell Associated Markers in Plasma Cell Neoplasms: An Aggressive Disease with Extramedullary Involvement and Very Short Survival.

Background: Plasma cell neoplasms can show aberrant expression of different lineage-related antigens; however, co-expression of T-cell-associated markers on malignant plasma cells is extremely rare.

Material And Methods: This report describes clinicopathologic characteristics of three myeloma patients with emergent plasmablastic morphology and aberrant acquisition of T-cell-associated markers diagnosed in our center. An extensive literature search for similar cases was conducted, and the relevant pathologic, clinical, and prognostic characteristics were summarized.

Prevalence and clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to intensive care units: a prospective observational study.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of coagulopathy. Although the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) has been proposed as a possible mechanism of COVID-19-induced coagulopathy, its clinical significance remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of aPLs among critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Fatal temozolomide induced aplastic anemia in a female with Glioblastoma multiforme : A case report and literature review.

When seeing patients on Temozolomide with pancytopenia, aplastic anemia secondary to the drug should be considered early in the differentials to avoid permanent hematological suppression.

Composite Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma and Mantle Cell Lymphoma; Small Cell Variant: A Real Diagnostic Challenge. Case Presentation and Review of Literature.

BACKGROUND Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) both have a common origin arising from mature CD5+ B-lymphocytes. Their distinction is crucial since MCL is a considerably more aggressive disease. Composite lymphoma consisting of CLL/SLL and MCL has been rarely reported.

A Rare Case of Severe Copper Deficiency in an Infant with Exclusive Breast Feeding Mimicking Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

An 11-month-old full-term female infant was referred to the hematology clinic due to marked anemia and neutropenia. She was almost exclusively breastfed and rejecting all trials for supplementary food including artificial formulas. Bone marrow aspirate revealed cytoplasmic vacuolization in precursors of the myeloid and erythroid series with significant dysgranulopoiesis and dyserythropoiesis and ringed sideroblasts.

An overview of the Hepatitis C control plan in Qatar.

Since the development and approval of new direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is now considered a curable disease. However, the emphasis on DAA therapies might disregard other preventive measures, and limits the strategy for a clinical cure rather than comprehensive disease control. The Qatar National plan for HCV control was launched in December 2014 to prioritize and proactively manage HCV with the ultimate aim of eliminating viral hepatitis.

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with cryptic Philadelphia translocation and extramedullary B-lymphoid blast phase as an initial presentation.

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized by the presence of a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22, t(9;22)(q34:q11), resulting in fusion of the break point cluster region (BCR) with the ABL gene, which forms an oncogene, the transcript of which is an oncoprotein with a tyrosine kinase function. In the great majority of CML; BCR/ABL1 is cytogenetically visualized as t(9;22); giving rise to the Ph chromosome, harboring the chimeric gene. Cryptic or masked translocations occur in 2-10% patients with no evidence for the BCR/ABL rearrangement by conventional cytogenetics but are positive by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) and/or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

An uncommon case of chronic myeloid leukemia with variant cytogenetic.

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by Philadelphia chromosome which is a balanced translocation between chromosome 9 and 22 in 90% of cases. However, variant cytogenetic still happens in 5-10 % of cases, the importance of which is controversial as well as its response to therapy, prognosis and progression to acute leukemias. Here we report a male patient with CML and variant cytogenetic who responded to low dose of Dasatinib (50 mg daily).

An Unusual Case of Hepatosplenic αβ T-Cell Lymphoma Presenting with Coombs'-Negative Hemolytic Anemia.

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare and aggressive extranodal T-cell lymphoma that comprises <5% of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. The majority of cases harbor the γδ T-cell receptor (TCR), but recently, a few cases have been shown to express the αβ TCR. Comparison of these two subtypes (αβ and γδ) shows similar clinicopathologic and cytogenetic features; however, due to the paucity of reported cases, it is not clear whether they are prognostically distinct entities.

Aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index in hepatitis C virus and Schistosomiasis coinfection.

Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy, of aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) alone and with antischistosomal antibody (Ab) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and schistosomiasis coinfection.

Methods: This retrospective study included medical records of three hundred and eighty three Egyptian men patients who had undergone percutaneous liver biopsy between January 2006 to April 2014 in tertiary care hospital in Qatar for diagnosis or monitoring purpose were selected. Data of patients > 18 years of age were included in the study.

The Molecular Basis of α-Thalassemia in the Qatari Pediatric Population.

α-Thalassemia (α-thal) is widely reported in the Arabian Peninsula as one of the main causes of asymptomatic microcytic hypochromic red blood cells with or without anemia in the pediatric population. This is the first study that provides information about the molecular basis of α-thal in the Qatari population. Qatari school children between the ages of 5 and 15, exhibiting laboratory findings suggestive of microcytic anemia were pooled, and those with a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of <80.

Neutropenia and viral load decline during treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype-4.

Background/aims: Neutrophil count and magnitude of decrease from baseline are not correlated with infection rate in recipients of interferon-based therapy for hepatitis C (HCV). The association of neutropenia with viral response raises the potential dilemma of trying to maintain patients on therapy despite adverse events. We studied the relationship between early viral clearance in response to treatment, and neutrophil count and fall in neutrophils in HCV-genotype 4 patients.

Reexamination of the relationship between the prevalence of hepatitis C virus and parenteral antischistosomal therapy among Egyptians resident in Qatar.

Egypt has the highest prevalence of recorded hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide, estimated nationally at 14.7%, which is attributed to extensive iatrogenic transmission during the era of parenteral antischistosomal therapy (PAT) mass-treatment campaigns. The objective of our study was to attempt to highlight to what extent HCV transmission is ongoing and discuss the possible risk factors.

Rare aggressive natural killer cell leukemia presented with bone marrow fibrosis - a diagnostic challenge.

Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia is an extraordinary rare aggressive malignant neoplasm of natural killer cells. Although its first recognition as a specific entity was approximately 20 years ago, this leukemia has not yet been satisfactorily characterized as fewer than 200 cases have been reported in the literature and up to our knowledge, this is the first case report in Qatar. Reaching a diagnosis of aggressive natural killer leukemia was a challenging experience, because in addition to being a rare entity, the relative scarcity of circulating neoplastic cells, failure to obtain an adequate aspirate sample sufficient to perform flow cytometric analysis, together with the absence of applicable method to prove NK clonality (as it lack specific clonal marker); our case had atypical confusing presentation of striking increase in bone marrow fibrosis that was misleading and complicated the case further.

Microalbuminuria in hepatitis C-genotype 4: effect of pegylated interferon and ribavirin.

Aim: To study the relation between hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 and microalbuminuria and renal impairment in relation to hepatic histology, and viremia in the absence of cryoglobulinemia, and to examine the effect of treatment on microalbuminuria.

Methods: Three hundred subjects, including 233 HCV genotype-4 infected patients, were tested for cryoglobulinemia, microalbuminuria, albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), urea, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The parameters were measured again in the HCV patients after 48 wk of treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in Hepatitis C genotype 4 after viral clearance and in absence of cirrhosis: two case reports.

Genotype 4 Hepatitis C virus represents approximately 20% of global Hepatitis C virus infection and is the source of a considerable burden to health-care providers across the globe. Many studies reported that interferon reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C.Hereby, we are reporting two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in Hepatitis C virus-genotype 4 after complete viral eradication and in absence of cirrhosis.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in childhood: a population-based study in Qatar.

Objective: To find the pattern of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (acute/chronic) and to describe presenting features and clinical characteristics of the disease in children below 14 years of age in a newly developed Arabian society.

Methods: This retrospective, descriptive study was carried out at the Pediatric Department of the Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar. A total of 50 children below 14 years of age who were diagnosed with ITP during the period 2000-2005 were included.