Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphisms in a cohort of Egyptian patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).

Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is characterized by immune response dysregulations. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) plays a central role in immune checkpoint pathways and preventing autoimmune diseases by regulating immune tolerance. We aimed to explore the potential association between CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms and ITP as well as study their impact on the response to therapy.

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA): underreported, underdiagnosed, undertreated medical condition.

Background: Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare acquired bleeding disorder occurred due to the formation of inhibitory antibodies neutralizing endogenous factor VIII.

Main Body: About half the cases are idiopathic. Symptoms include severe and unexpected bleeding that could be life-threatening.