Abdominal Mass Secondary to Human Toxocariasis.

Toxocariasis is an extensive helminthic infection that leads to visceral larva migrans in humans. A 2.5-year-old girl referred for abdominal mass.

Skin and Neourethral Necrosis in Staged Hypospadias Repair.

Complications in hypospadias surgery are not uncommon however penile skin or flap necrosis is rarely reported. Ischemia of the flap or graft is a major complication in two stage repair of hypospadias. A 2-year old boy with proximal penile hypospadias, operated earlier for chordee correction and urethral plate formation with a preputial flap, presented for stage 2 repair.

Complete Urethral Duplication in Children: A Case Report.

Introduction: Urethral duplication (UD) is a rare congenital anomaly with multiple anatomical variants.

Case Presentation: In this article we present a four year-old child with complete UD. The patient was admitted for hypospadias repair, in evaluation we found type IIA1 UD according to Effmann classification.

Evaluation of Onlay Island Flap Technique in Shallow Urethral Plate Hypospadiasis.

Background: Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital genital anomalies in males that necessitates to be operated early in infancy (when 6 to 9 months old). On the other hand, hypospadias is a challenging field of pediatric urology with multiple reconstruction techniques. A perfect hypospadias repair is supposed to return urethral continuity with sufficient caliber, eradicate phallus curvature, and supply an acceptable appearance with low complications.

Gastric Duplication Cyst in Association with Duodenal Atresia in a Neonate.

Concurrence of duodenal atresia and gastric duplication cyst is extremely rare entity. We report a 6-day-old female neonate who presented with neonatal intestinal obstruction. X-ray abdomen showed double bubble sign.

Types and frequency of ovarian masses in children over a 10-year period.

Background: Ovarian masses represent a range of pathology from benign cyst to highly aggressive malignant tumors. It has been estimated that gynecologic malignancy account for approximately 2% of all types of cancer in children, 60-70% of these lesions arise in the ovary.

Methods: All ovarian masses which were resected or biopsied in Mofid Children's Hospital from 2002 to 2012 were reviewed retrospectively.

Outcomes of Second Look Exploration in Testicular Torsion of Children.

Background: Testicular torsion (TT), or twisting of the testicle resulting in a strangulation of the blood supply, occurs in men whose tissue surrounding the testicle is not well attached to the scrotum. It is important to emphasize that testicular torsion is a medical emergency.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the second look exploration and outcomes in TT.

Pediatric Germ Cell Tumors; A 10-year Experience.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of germ cell tumors in patients admitted to our center during a ten year period.

Methods: In a retrospective descriptive study, patients with the pathological diagnosis of germ cell tumor (GCT) were included. All records were evaluated and patients followed by personal visit in clinic or phone call.

Treatment outcome of neurogenic bladder dysfunction in children; a five-year experience.

Objective: A neurogenic bladder is one which functions abnormally due to disorders of sacral nerves that control the bladder's ability to fill, store and empty urine. Abnormal bladder function can cause the bladder to be underactive or overactive. This study was planned to evaluate the treatment outcome of our patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction (NGBD).

Protective temporary vesicostomy for upper urinary tract problems in children: a five-year experience.

Objective: Temporary vesicostomy is a urinary diversion procedure for patients with upper urinary tract (UUT) dilatation, secondary to bladder outlet obstruction or dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience in children undergoing such diversion, analyzing its efficacy to prevent urinary tract infection (UTI), improve or resolve hydronephrosis, stabilize or improve kidney function and restore the health of UUT.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients who had vesicostomy by Blocksom technique due to bladder outlet obstruction or dysfunction were evaluated in Mofid Children's Hospital (in Tehran) from March 2007 to March 2012.

Sternal Cleft associated with Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Atrial Septal Defect, and Subglottic Hemangioma: A rarity.

We present a 2-day-old female neonate with cleft of the upper sternum, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), atrial septal defect (ASD), and subglottic hemangioma. Dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, abdominal ultrasonography, and imaging were performed. She underwent a surgical repair of sternal cleft in neonatal life.

Posterior Urethral Valves; A single Center Experience.

Objective: Posterior urethral valves (PUV) are the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in infancy that impair renal and bladder function. This study was planned to evaluate and record the various clinical presentations and management, complications, and surgical management and long-term outcome of PUV.

Methods: In a retrospective study, 98 patients who have been treated for PUV are evaluated in Mofid Children's Hospital from January 2007 to December 2012.

Ileocecal patch -low rectal anastomosis in total colectomy: New idea for the prevention of fecal incontinence.

Background: Total colectomy is used in children with total colonic aganglionosis, Ulcerative colitis (UC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The purpose of this study was to maintain ileocecal valve and rectal-sparing surgery for the prevention of fecal incontinence in these children.

Methods: From1990 to 2011, 14 children with diagnosis of UC, FAP and Hirschsprung's disease were operated.

State's pull-through for total colonic aganglionosis and GI dismotility.

Background: Total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) is present in 4% - 5% of the patients with Hirschsprung's disease and has a high surgical mortality rate between 13% - 23%. Diagnosis and treatment of TCA is still a major challenge for pediatric surgeons. Many techniques with several advantages and disadvantages were established for its treatment.

Acute mediastinitis in children: a nine-year experience.

Background: Acute mediastinitis is a serious medical condition with a mortality rate of 30 to 40% or even higher. Early diagnosis with prompt and aggressive treatment is essential to prevent its rapid progression. We evaluated acute mediastinitis cases and analyzed the outcomes.

Abdominal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: report on four cases and review of literature.

Background: The Abdominal Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (AIMT) is a rare tumor with unknown etiology which usually occurs in children and adolescents. It is composed of myofibroblastic spindle cells intermixed with inflammatory cells. We present four cases of AIMT.

Liver Hydatid Cyst in Children (A 14-year Review).

Objective: Hydatid disease is still an important health hazard in the world. This disease is a parasitic infestation which is endemic in many sheep and cattle raising areas such as in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical appearance, diagnosis, and treatment of liver hydatid cyst in children.

Congenital rhabdomyosarcoma of shoulder.

A 16-day-old female was referred with congenital swelling on her right shoulder. On examination, there was a hard, round, ecchymotic, nontender, slightly movable, warm and shiny 10x15 cm mass on the right axillary pits which was extended to the right side of neck and chest wall. The mass separated the shoulder from the chest wall causing paralysis of right hand.

Clinical evaluation of disc battery ingestion in children.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics, management, and outcomes of disc battery ingestion in children. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of children admitted to Mofid Children's Hospital due to disc battery ingestion from January 2006 to January 2010. Clear history, clinical symptoms and results of imaging studies revealed diagnosis of disc battery ingestion in suspected patients.

Complete colonic duplication in children.

Background: Complete colonic duplication is a very rare congenital anomaly that may have different presentations according to its location and size. Complete colonic duplication can occur in 15% of gastrointestinal duplication. We report two cases of complete colonic duplications, and their characteristics.

Tracheoesophageal fistula following disc battery ingestion and foreign body impaction.

Background: Ingestion of foreign bodies may result in the formation of a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), which causes severe morbidity in children. We describe four cases of TEF, who underwent emergent surgery for repair.

Case Presentation: In this report, we present about four patients aged between 9 months to 2.

Congenital nasopharyngeal teratoma in a neonate.

Background: Congenital germ cell tumors are uncommon. The most common site of teratoma is in the sacrococcygeal region. Teratoma arising from the head and neck comprises less than 10% of reported cases and of these, nasopharyngeal lesions are rare.

Diphallus: report on six cases and review of the literature.

Background: Diphallus is an extremely rare anomaly. Numerous associated genitourinary, gastrointestinal and other anomalies have been described with diphallus. These patients need several investigations, and finally surgical intervention.