The effects of aerobic exercises compared to conventional chest physiotherapy on pulmonary function, functional capacity, sputum culture, and quality of life in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a study protocol for randomized controlled trial study.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by abnormal function of the chloride ion channels and characterized by pancreatic insufficiency and chronic endobronchial airway infection. Pulmonary dysfunction is very common and could lead to a reduction in the quality of life. Airway clearance techniques (ACT) and physical exercises are introduced as one of the main components of treatment.

Esophageal lung misdiagnosed as tracheoesophageal fistula: A case report.

An esophageal lung is a subtype of communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (CBPFM) where the lung, often right side, communicates with the esophagus, which causes hypoplastic and consolidated diseased lung, and is usually diagnosed late in its clinical course. Clinical suspicion based on patient history, signs, and symptoms should lead to this opinion. A chest CT scan combined with esophagography is highly recommended for suspicious cases.

Comparison of Clinical and Radiographic Success between MTA and Biodentine in Pulpotomy of Primary Mandibular Second Molars with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Among the new therapeutic materials, MTA and Biodentine are recommended for pulpotomy and sealing the pulp. Considering the similar characteristics of these two materials and considering that their effects on the treatment of primary second molars with irreversible pulpitis have not been compared properly, this study aimed to compare clinical and radiographic success between MTA and Biodentine in pulpotomy of primary mandibular second molars with irreversible pulpitis.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized double-blind clinical trial.

Complications after dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia in Isfahan during February to May 2016.

Background: Children undergoing dental rehabilitations by general anesthesia (GA) commonly experience postoperative symptoms such as pain, fever, sore throat, and sleepiness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the specific complications of pediatric dental GA procedure.

Materials And Methods: In this observational study sample included 72 children attending GA for dental treatment at the School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

A review of peripherally inserted central catheters and various types of vascular access in very small children and pediatric patients and their potential complications.

Accessing the veins for blood delivery, sampling or nutrition is a critical factor in the process of care and management of pediatric patients. In this regard, the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is one of the main alternatives which could be applied effectively as traditional central venous devices in neonates and adults. Due to their essential role in providing safe central venous entry, PICCs could be applied extensively in patients who are critically ill.

Comparison of the longevity of prefabricated and conventional band and loops in children's primary teeth.

Background: Prefabricated band and loops require only one appointment, are quickly placed in a session, and do not require laboratory work; thus, they need less time and cost. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival rate of prefabricated band and loops in space maintenance of primary teeth and compare them with conventional band and loops.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective clinical trial study 4-9-year-old patients, who met the requirements of the present study, were divided into two groups.

Comparison of Oral Melatonin and Midazolam as Premedication in Children Undergoing General Anesthesia for Dental Treatment.

Background: Dental anxiety is prevalent in children. This condition may cause uncooperative behavior and need a treatment under general anesthesia. The perioperative period, especially for children, is a stressing event.

Dental Management of a Child with Dentinogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) is a hereditary dentin defect caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in dentin sialophosphoprotein gene. Defective dentin development results in discolored teeth that are prone to wear and fracture. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are necessary to achieve better functional and esthetic results and minimize nutritional deficiencies and psychosocial distress.

A Review and Report of Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in a 4-Year-Old Child.

Peripheral giant cell granuloma is a common benign and reactive gingival epulis in oral cavity. It is often difficult to make a clinical diagnosis; thereby definitive diagnosis depends on histopathologic features. We report a case of a 4-year-old Caucasian boy presenting with a five-month history a 20 × 15 × 12 mm pedunculated, lobular soft tissue mass of the left anterior maxilla gingiva which was misdiagnosed and maltreated before his referral.

Comparative evaluation of bispectral index system after sedation with midazolam and propofol combined with remifentanil versus ketamine in uncooperative during dental procedures.

Background: Proper analgesic agents should be used in combination with sedative agents. Remifentanil is a synthetic narcotic/analgesic agent with a short duration effect and decreases the risk of apnea during recovery. Bispectral index system (BIS) is a new noninvasive technique for the evaluation of the depth of sedation.

Pit and Fissure Sealant Retention Following Air Abrasion Preparation with Bioactive Glass and Aluminum Oxide Particles.

Purpose: Alumina air abrasion is an alternative for acid-etch technique for tooth preparation before placement of a fissure sealant. The aim of this study was to compare the retention of sealants placed subsequent to air abrasion with alumina and bioactive glass (BAG) particles.

Methods: Sixty-two 6-12 year old children were included in this study.

High flow nasal cannula as a method for rapid weaning from nasal continuous positive airway pressure.

Background: To compare two methods of weaning premature infants from nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP).

Methods: Between March and November 2012, 88 preterm infants who were stable on NCPAP of 5 cmH2O with FIO2 <30% for a minimum of 6 h were randomly allocated to one of two groups. The high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) group received HFNC with flow of 2 L/min and FIO2 = 0.

Resin bonding using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives to decalcified deciduous enamel after bioactive glass air abrasion.

Purpose: Bioactive glass air abrasion is a conservative technique for removal of initial decalcified enamel superficial layer and caries vs alumina air abrasion. This study evaluated shear bond strength of composite resin to sound and decalcified deciduous enamel using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives after alumina and bioactive glass air abrasion.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-six fat enamel surfaces, mounted in acrylic resin, were prepared from 48 deciduous molars.

Effect of Bioactive Glass air Abrasion on Shear Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Resins to Decalcified Enamel.

Objective: Bioactive glass air abrasion is a conservative technique to remove initial decalcified tissue and caries. This study examined the shear bond strength of composite resin to sound and decalcified enamel air-abraded by bioactive glass (BAG) or alumina using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight permanent molars were root-amputated and sectioned mesiodistally.

Chondroectodermal dysplasia: a rare syndrome.

Chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital abnormality. This syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of clinical findings, among which chondrodystrophy, polydactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and congenital cardiac anomalies are the most common. It is imperative to not overlook the cardiac complications in patients with this syndrome during dental procedures.

Evaluation of three restorative techniques for primary anterior teeth with extensive carious lesions: a 1-year clinical study.

Purpose: This study compared the clinical success rates of a new reversed metal post technique and 2 conventional methods for restoration of maxillary primary incisors with extensive carious lesions.

Methods: A total of 161 pulpectomized, severely decayed maxillary primary teeth, in 54 2- to 4-year-old patients presenting with early childhood caries, were randomly treated with 3 different restorative techniques: 53 composite post restorations, 54 fiber post restorations, and 54 reversed post restorations. Single-blind evaluations were made, according to the World Dental Federation criteria, at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month intervals.

Evaluation of efficacy of restorative dental treatment provided under general anesthesia at hospitalized pediatric dental patients of Isfahan.

Background: General anesthesia (GA) allows dental treatment to be rendered under optimal conditions, theoretically ensuring ideal outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of restorative dental procedures performed under GA.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, 305 pediatric patients who had been treated under GA 6 to 24 months before our survey at Isfahan's hospitalized dentistry center were examined.

A simple method for reconstruction of severely damaged primary anterior teeth.

Restoration of severely decayed primary anterior teeth is often considered as a special challenge by pedodontists. This case report presents a 5-year-old boy with severely damaged maxillary right canine. Subsequent to root canal treatment, a reversed (upside-down) metal post was put into the canal and composite build-up was performed.

Assessment of intranasal midazolam administration with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg in behavior management of uncooperative children.

Aim: Intranasal midazolam has been used to induce conscious sedation in children with negative and aggressive behavior The main goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of intranasal administration of midazolam (with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg) in behavior management of uncooperative children.

Materials And Methods: Thirty healthy, difficult children of 3-5 years were evaluated.