Dynamic Enrichment for Evaluation of Protein Networks (DEEPN): A High Throughput Yeast Two-Hybrid (Y2H) Protocol to Evaluate Networks.

Proteins are the building blocks of life, and a vast array of cellular processes is handled by protein-protein interactions (PPIs). The protein complexes formed via PPIs lead to tangled networks that, with their continuous remodeling, build up systematic functional units. Over the years, PPIs have become an area of interest for many researchers, leading to the development of multiple in vitro and in vivo methods to reveal these interactions.

The Lost and Found: Unraveling the Functions of Orphan Genes.

Orphan Genes (OGs) are a mysterious class of genes that have recently gained significant attention. Despite lacking a clear evolutionary history, they are found in nearly all living organisms, from bacteria to humans, and they play important roles in diverse biological processes. The discovery of OGs was first made through comparative genomics followed by the identification of unique genes across different species.

Smart reprograming of plants against salinity stress using modern biotechnological tools.

Climate change gives rise to numerous environmental stresses, including soil salinity. Salinity/salt stress is the second biggest abiotic factor affecting agricultural productivity worldwide by damaging numerous physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. In particular, salinity affects plant growth, development, and productivity.

A TIReless battle: TIR domains in plant-pathogen interactions.

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing proteins are conserved across kingdoms, and their mechanistic understanding holds promise for basic plant biology and agriculture. Here, we discuss the novel enzymatic TIR domain functions of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) in cell death, and posit how TIR domain-containing effectors mechanistically subvert host immune systems.