Immunization of BALB/c Mice against Shigella sonnei Using a Multiepitope Protein Vaccine through Intranasal and Subcutaneous Administration.

As the most common cause of bacillary dysentery or shigellosis, Shigella sonnei (S nonnei) has spread throughout the world. Invasion of the colorectal epithelial cells by this facultative intracellular bacterium occurs via various virulence factors. The increase in the resistance rate highlights the need for novel interventions, particularly increasing the urgency of the development of Shigella vaccines that may offer an effective solution.

Enhancement of bactericidal effects of bacteriophage and gentamicin combination regimen against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in a mice diabetic wound model.

Diabetic patients are more susceptible to developing wound infections resulting in poor and delayed wound healing. Bacteriophages, the viruses that target-specific bacteria, can be used as an alternative to antibiotics to eliminate drug-resistant bacterial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.

The protective effects of erythropoietin on photoreceptor damage by formaldehyde.

Introduction: The photoreceptor layer of retina has important role for sight. The previous study showed that accidental formaldehyde injection caused ischemia and damage in the retina. On the other hand the erythropoietin prevents neuronal injury of ischemic damage.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,2,3-triazolyl β-hydroxy alkyl/carbazole hybrid molecules.

The design, synthesis and biological study of several novel 1,2,3-triazolyl [Formula: see text]-hydroxy alkyl/carbazole hybrid molecules as a new type of antifungal agent has been described. In this synthesis, the N-alkylation reaction of carbazol-9-ide potassium salt with 3-bromoprop-1-yne afforded 9-(prop-2-ynyl)-9H-carbazole. The 'Click' Huisgen cycloaddition reaction of 9-(prop-2-ynyl)-9H-carbazole with diverse [Formula: see text]-azido alcohols in the presence of copper-doped silica cuprous sulphate led to target molecules in excellent yields.