Neuroinflammation and Neurometabolomic Profiling in Fentanyl Overdose Mouse Model Treated with Novel β-Lactam, MC-100093, and Ceftriaxone.

Opioid-related deaths are attributed to overdoses, and fentanyl overdose has been on the rise in many parts of the world, including the USA. Glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) has been identified as a therapeutic target in several preclinical models of substance use disorders, and β-lactams effectively enhance its expression and function. In the current study, we characterized the metabolomic profile of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in fentanyl-overdose mouse models, and we evaluated the protective effects of the functional enhancement of GLT-1 using β-lactams, ceftriaxone, and MC-100093.

Activation of α7 nicotinic receptors attenuated hyperalgesia and anxiety induced by palatable obesogenic diet withdrawal.

Unlabelled: Consumption of palatable food (PF) can alleviate anxiety, and pain in humans. Contrary, spontaneous withdrawal of long-term PF intake produces anxiogenic-like behavior and abnormal pain sensation, causing challenges to weight-loss diet and anti-obesity agents. Thus, we examined α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR) involvement since it plays essential role in nociception and psychological behaviors.

Assessment of the COVID-19 Surveillance System in Sudan: Performance, Limitations, and Recommendations.

Assessing the COVID-19 surveillance system is vital. It identifies cases swiftly and is crucial in curbing COVID-19 spread, especially among vulnerable groups. Public health surveillance collects, analyzes, and shares data systematically, informing actions to lessen disease impact.

The role of the Field Epidemiology Training Program in the public health emergency response: Sudan armed conflict 2023.

Background: On April 15, 2023, the armed conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) started in Khartoum state, Sudan. This conflict was complicated by the preexisting complicated epidemiological situation and fragile health system in Sudan. This study endeavors to illuminate the pivotal role essayed by the Sudan FETP (SFETP) in enhancing the nation's public health response, particularly amidst the tumultuous backdrop of armed conflicts that have left their indelible mark on the region.

Pseudo-vagal Responses Elicited by Cryoballoon Ablation.

Pulmonary vein isolation via cryoballoon (CB) ablation is the cornerstone ablation strategy for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Acute intraprocedural hypotensive and/or bradycardic responses have been reported in patients undergoing CB ablation for AF. However, it remains unclear as to whether these are due to a true vagal response (VR), which can be used to predict long-term outcomes of CB ablation.

Prevalence of malaria and dengue co-infections among febrile patients during dengue transmission season in Kassala, eastern Sudan.

Background: Malaria and dengue are common mosquito-borne diseases around the world that cause high mortality and morbidity. The number of cases of both diseases is currently rising in Sudan and is associated with climate and environmental changes. Limited information is available on malaria and dengue co-infections and the severity of the two diseases among febrile patients in eastern Sudan.

Rift Valley fever and malaria co-infection: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: We report a case of febrile illness that was presented with mild symptoms. However, laboratory investigation confirmed a malaria and Rift Valley fever co-infection. Healthcare providers in settings endemic with several infectious diseases should seek rolling out possibilities of other infections prior to starting treatment for achieving effective case management with less resources and better safety of patients.

Knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer prevention among women in Khartoum state, Sudan.

Background: Cervical cancer is considered the third leading cause of death among women worldwide, and human papillomavirus was identified as a major causative agent for developing cervical cancer.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer prevention among women in Khartoum state, Sudan.

Design: A community-based cross-sectional study implemented in Khartoum state, Sudan, from 1 August 2020 to 1 September 2020.

Unilateral Axillary Lymphadenopathy in Cancer Patients Post-COVID-19 Vaccination: Review and Case Series.

Novel coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) variants continue to spread worldwide with the development of highly transmissible strains. Several guidelines addressing management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic have been published, primarily based upon expert opinion. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of breast cancer care including screening, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow-up.

Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: A case series.

In this communication, we reported a series of six patients presented with Guillain-Barré syndrome that associated with COVID-19 infection, which was confirmed with RT-PCR. Here we discuss the laboratory investigation and case management, as well as clinical presentation and outcome of each case. The current report demonstrated the first case series of COVID-19-associated GBS-cases in Sudan.

Hepatitis E Virus Outbreak among Tigray War Refugees from Ethiopia, Sudan.

We report hepatitis E virus (HEV) outbreaks among refugees from Ethiopia in Sudan during June 2021-February 2022. We identified 1,589 cases of acute jaundice syndrome and used PCR to confirm HEV infection in 64% of cases. Implementing vaccination, water, sanitation, and hygiene programs might reduce HEV outbreak risk.

Epidemics of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Sudan between 2010 and 2020.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic arboviral disease that poses a great threat to global health in the Old World, and it is endemic in Europe, Asia, and Africa, including Sudan. In this retrospective study, we reviewed previous epidemiological reports about the major epidemics of CCHF throughout Sudan between 2010 and 2020. During these epidemics, the infection of humans with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), the causative agent of CCHF, was diagnosed using qRT-PCR.

The use of cholera oral vaccine for containment of the 2019 disease outbreak in Sudan.

A cholera outbreak in Blue Nile and Sennar states, south-eastern and southern Sudan, took place during September-December 2019. An outbreak surveillance sample collection was made. Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa was isolated from clinical samples of all confirmed 200 and 132 cases in Blue Nile state and Sennar state, respectively.

Obstacles faced by healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan.

The impacts of COVID -19 pandemic have been quite significant on healthcare providers. I was particularly challenging for those in Low and Middle-Income Countries including Sudan . Unfortunately, the pandemic has hit Sudan on extremely difficult time for the country and its people.

Assessment of genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein in Sudan: the RTS,S leading malaria vaccine candidate.

Background: The currently used malaria vaccine, RTS,S, is designed based on the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). The pfcsp gene, besides having different polymorphic patterns, can vary between P. falciparum isolates due to geographical origin and host immune response.

Block of branching portion of bundle of His from catheter shaft during ablation of left ventricular outflow tract ventricular premature complexes.

Ventricular premature contractions are often located in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). Components of the normal atrioventricular conduction apparatus are located just below the aortic valve in proximity to the membranous septum, between the noncoronary cusp and right coronary cusp. We present a case of injury to the bundle of His during an ablation of a ventricular premature contraction in the LVOT below the left coronary cusp, remote from the bundle of His, due to pressure from the proximal shaft of the catheter between the noncoronary cusp and the right coronary cusp.

Maghemite (γ-FeO) and γ-FeO-TiO Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications: Synthesis, Characterization and Heating Efficiency.

In this report, the heating efficiencies of γ-FeO and hybrid γ-FeO-TiO nanoparticles NPs under an alternating magnetic field (AMF) have been investigated to evaluate their feasible use in magnetic hyperthermia. The NPs were synthesized by a modified sol-gel method and characterized by different techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy and electron microscopy analyses confirmed the maghemite (γ-FeO) phase, crystallinity, good uniformity and 10 nm core sizes of the as-synthesized composites.

The role of integrated programs in the prevention of COVID-19 in a humanitarian setting.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a severe depletion to health systems worldwide. In the South Kordofan state, a war-torn humanitarian region in Sudan, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the WHO Emergencies Programme have led the development of integrated programs for health, peace and rehabilitation by training rapid response teams to strengthen both surveillance system and response capacities, engaging the communities at risk with health education and promotion activities, as well as following proper infection, prevention and control measures during case investigation. Also, Early Help Assessment coordinators met with health services managers and recruited 14 teams who were trained to ensure a rapid response to COVID-19.

Impact of low-level electromagnetic fields on the inducibility of atrial fibrillation in the electrophysiology laboratory.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in adults. Research suggests that autonomic nervous (ANS) system dysfunction contributes to AF pathophysiology. Animal studies have shown that low-level electromagnetic fields (LL-EMF) are potentially capable of AF suppression.

Not "Much Room" in the Heart: A Rare Case of a Massive Intracardiac Mass.

Introduction: Coupled with the increasing use of indwelling vascular catheters and prosthetic cardiac valves is an uptrend in sepsis secondary to fungemia. An insidious onset often shrouds the initial diagnosis, contributing to poor outcomes. infective endocarditis (CIE) is a feared complication of candidemia, associated with high mortality rates.