Profiling mRNA encoding glucocorticoid receptor α in saliva: Relationship to hair cortisol levels in individuals aged 15-25 years.

Objective: We assessed levels of mRNA encoding two glucocorticoid receptor (GR) isoforms (GRα and GRβ) in saliva and examined their relationship with hair cortisol levels and dental caries experience.

Design: Adolescents and young adults were assessed for dental caries experience, and hair cortisol was measured by ELISA. RNA was extracted from whole saliva using TRIzol, followed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis of GRα, GRβ, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).

Relationships among Cortisol, Perceived Stress, and Dental Caries Experience in Adolescents and Young Adults.

Introduction: Stress can impact mental and physical health, especially during adolescence and young adulthood, but the extent of its contribution to dental caries is poorly understood. The present study assessed the association between perceived stress, cortisol levels (in hair and saliva), and overall caries experience of adolescents and young adults aged 15-25 years.

Methods: Hair and saliva samples were obtained from 93 participants free of periodontal disease.

Friction and archwire engagement in contemporary self-ligating appliance systems : An in vitro comparison.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare classical friction (FR) in passive self-ligating brackets (P-SLBs), active self-ligating brackets (A-SLBs) and a traditional twin bracket, in vitro, and to identify the point of initiation of bracket-archwire engagement.

Methods: Nine bracket systems of 0.022 in slot size were FR tested: 5 P‑SLB systems; 4 A‑SLB systems; and a control group of twin brackets with elastomeric ligatures.

Evaluation of Facial Profile Esthetics After Maxillomandibular Advancement Surgery for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Purpose: Maxillomandibuar advancement (MMA) surgery has been shown to be a successful treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but concerns still exist regarding esthetic outcomes due to the large advancements involved. The objective of this study was to evaluate facial profile changes in patients who underwent MMA surgery for OSA by utilizing panels of external evaluators.

Methods: Pre- and posttreatment silhouettes of 21 patients (10 females, 11 males; mean age 43.

FACE-Q Craniofacial Module: Part 1 validation of CLEFT-Q scales for use in children and young adults with facial conditions.

Background: The CLEFT-Q includes 12 independently functioning scales that measure appearance (face, nose, nostrils, teeth, lips, jaws), health-related quality of life (psychological, social, school, speech distress), and speech function, and an eating/drinking checklist. Previous qualitative research revealed that the CLEFT-Q has content validity in noncleft craniofacial conditions. This study aimed to examine the psychometric performance of the CLEFT-Q in an international sample of patients with a broad range of facial conditions.

Establishing content validity of an orthodontic subset of the FACE-Q Craniofacial Module in children and young adults with malocclusion.

Objective: The FACE-Q Craniofacial Module for children and young adults is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) designed to measure outcomes for patients aged 8 to 29 years with facial conditions. The aim of this study was to establish content validity of a relevant subset of the module for its use in orthodontic patients with malocclusion.

Setting And Sample Population: Experts in orthodontics were emailed and invited to provide feedback through a Research Electronic Data Capture survey.

Evaluation of masticatory muscle response to clear aligner therapy using ambulatory electromyographic recording.

Introduction: Patients undergoing clear aligner therapy (CAT) report muscle tenderness and produce wear facets on their aligner trays. However, little is known about the masticatory muscle response to clear aligners. Here, we measured the activity of the masseter during CAT using ambulatory electromyography.

Impact of clear aligner therapy on tooth pain and masticatory muscle soreness.

Background: Clinical findings suggest that orthodontic treatment with clear aligners (clear aligner therapy/CAT) may cause masticatory muscle soreness in some patients.

Objective: This multi-site prospective study investigated tooth pain and masticatory muscle soreness and tenderness in patients undergoing CAT and explored whether psychological traits affected these outcomes.

Methods: Twenty-seven adults (22F, 5M; mean age ± SD=35.

In-vitro comparison of different palatal sites for orthodontic miniscrew insertion: Effect of bone quality and quantity on primary stability.

Introduction: This experiment was undertaken to assess the primary stability of orthodontic miniscrews inserted at different sites in human cadaveric palatal bone for temporary skeletal anchorage, and to determine the effect of bone quality and quantity on their primary stability using microcomputed tomography imaging.

Methods: A total of 10 cadaveric maxillary hard palates were used for insertion of 130 orthodontic miniscrews (VectorTAS; Ormco, Orange, Calif; length, 6 mm; diameter, 1.4 mm).

A novel technique for measurement of orthodontic mini-implant stability using the Osstell ISQ device.

Objectives: To develop and validate a method for application of the Osstell ISQ device in the assessment of mini-implant stability.

Materials And Methods: An adaptor was developed for attachment of Osstell's SmartPeg onto a variety of orthodontic mini-implants. For validation of the adaptor, Benefit mini-implants were inserted into bone blocks that mimicked different stability conditions.

A Comparison of the Mechanical Measures Used for Assessing Orthodontic Mini-Implant Stability.

Purpose: Mechanical loosening remains a common complication associated with mini-implant failure. The purpose of this study was to compare common mechanical measures of mini-implant stability to determine their association and reliability.

Materials And Methods: Ninety self-drilling orthodontic mini-implants from 6 manufacturers were inserted into artificial bone blocks.

Insertion Torques of Self-Drilling Mini-Implants in Simulated Mandibular Bone: Assessment of Potential for Implant Fracture.

Purpose: Fracture of orthodontic mini-implants during insertion is a limiting factor for their clinical success. The purpose of this study was to determine the fracture potential of commonly used self-drilling orthodontic mini-implants when placed into simulated thick, dense mandibular bone.

Materials And Methods: Six mini-implant systems were assessed for the potential for fracture (Aarhus, Medicon; Dual-Top, Jeil Medical; OrthoEasy, Forestadent; tomas-pin, Dentaurum; Unitek, 3M; and VectorTAS, Ormco).

Fracture resistance of commonly used self-drilling orthodontic mini-implants.

Objective: To investigate the fracture resistance of six commonly used self-drilling orthodontic mini-implants by comparing their respective fracture torques during insertion.

Materials And Methods: Ninety self-drilling mini-implants from six manufacturers (Aarhus, Dual-Top, OrthoEasy, Tomas-pin, Unitek, and VectorTAS), with diameters ranging from 1.4 to 1.