Effectiveness of educational intervention and cognitive rehearsal on perceived incivility among emergency nurses: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Witnessing or experiencing of incivility affected the nurses' perception of the ethical climate and quality of their work life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of educational intervention and cognitive rehearsal on perceived incivility among emergency nurses.

Method: This study was conducted as a randomized controlled parallel group clinical trial.

Impact of Education on Trauma Patients' Handover Quality; a Before-After Trial.

Introduction: Poor handover and inadequate transmission of clinical information between shifts cause a lot of problems in patient care and result in significant risks for physicians and patients. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of education and application of handover checklist on trauma patients' handover quality.

Methods: In this before-after trial, handover process of trauma patients in an educational hospital was evaluated before and after education and application of a handover checklist, abbreviated as "WHO MISSED IP?", using a questionnaire that consisted of 10 necessary items, which should be delivered during handover of trauma patients.

Full and Modified Glasgow-Blatchford Bleeding Score in Predicting the Outcome of Patients with Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding; a Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Introduction: Screening of high risk patients and accelerating their treatment measures can reduce the burden of the disease caused by acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. This study aimed to compare the full and modified Glasgow-Blatchford Bleeding Score (GBS and mGBS) in prediction of in-hospital outcomes of upper GI bleeding.

Methods: In the present retrospective cross-sectional study, the accuracy of GBS and mGBS models were compared in predicting the outcome of patients over 18 years of age with acute upper GI bleeding confirmed via endoscopy, presenting to the emergency departments of 3 teaching hospitals during 4 years.

Self-Injury in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability: Exploring the Role of Reactivity to Pain and Sensory Input.

This paper provides information about the prevalence and topography of self-injurious behavior in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Dominant models regarding the etiology of self-injury in this population are reviewed, with a focus on the role of reactivity to pain and sensory input. Neuroimaging studies are presented and suggestions are offered for future research.

Diabetes in Iran: Prospective Analysis from First Nationwide Diabetes Report of National Program for Prevention and Control of Diabetes (NPPCD-2016).

We estimated proportions of different types of diabetes, comorbidities, treatment (the use of oral glucose-lowering agents and insulin), control (hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension) and chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications among people with diabetes presenting to the tertiary-care academic diabetes outpatient clinics in Iran. This study is the prospective analysis of data (n = 30,202) from the registry of university-affiliated adult outpatient diabetes clinics in the country during 2015-2016. The proportions of type 1 diabetes, types 2 diabetes, and other types of diabetes were 11.

Imaging appropriateness in an academic emergency medicine program.

Introduction: As radiologic assessment is a key part in evaluating patients visited in emergency department, this survey was conducted to measure emergency medicine residents' competency in choosing appropriate diagnostic imaging in different clinical scenarios.

Methods: All emergency medicine residents enrolled in an academic emergency medicine discipline in the three medical universities of Tehran, Iran were recruited. A questionnaire was designed consisting of 10 clinically common scenarios selected from the American College of Radiology appropriateness criteria.

Clinical Information Transfer between EMS Staff and Emergency Medicine Assistants during Handover of Trauma Patients.

Unlabelled: Introduction Clinical handover by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) staff, as the first people who have contact with trauma patients, in the emergency department (ED), is very important. Therefore, effective communication to transfer clinical information about patients in a concise, rational, clear, and time-bound manner is essential. In Iran, the transfer of necessary information in clinical handover in EDs was carried out orally and without following standard instructions.

The Accuracy of Plain Radiography in Detection of Traumatic Intrathoracic Injuries.

Introduction: Rapid diagnosis of traumatic intrathoracic injuries leads to improvement in patient management. This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic value of chest radiography (CXR) in comparison to chest computed tomography (CT) scan in diagnosis of traumatic intrathoracic injuries.

Methods: Participants of this prospective diagnostic accuracy study included multiple trauma patients over 15 years old with stable vital admitted to emergency department (ED) during one year.

Diagnostic Value of Clinical Findings in Evaluation of Thoracolumbar Blunt Traumas.

Introduction: Necessity of imaging for symptom-free conscious patients presented to emergency department (ED) following traumatic thoracolumbar spine injuries has been a matter of debate. The present study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of clinical findings in prediction of traumatic thoracolumbar injuries compared tocomputed tomography (CT) scan.

Methods: The present diagnostic value study was carried out using non-random convenience sampling during the time between October 2013 and March 2014.

Analgesic Effects of Inhalation of Nitric Oxide (Entonox) and Parenteral Morphine Sulfate in Patients with Renal Colic; A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: To compare the analgesiceffects of Nitrous oxide and morphine sulfate in patients with acute renal colic due to urolithiasis.

Methods: This was randomized clinical trial being performed in Imam Hossein hospital affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences during a 1-year period from May2013 to May2014.  A total of number of 100 patients, with an age range of 20-50 years, who presented with renal colic secondary to urolithiasis confirmed by ultrasonography were randomly assigned to receive morphine sulfate injection (0.

Serum concentration of magnesium as an independent risk factor in migraine attacks: a matched case-control study and review of the literature.

There is controversy over the role of magnesium in the etiology of migraine headaches. We aimed to evaluate and compare serum levels of magnesium between healthy individuals and those with migraine headaches during migraine attacks and between attacks to evaluate the role of magnesium in the etiology of migraine headaches. Forty patients with migraine headaches and 40 healthy individuals were enrolled in this matched case-control study.

True Vertigo Patients in Emergency Department; an Epidemiologic Study.

Introduction: Vertigo prevalence is estimated to be 1.8% among young adults and more than 30% in the elderly. 13-38% of the referrals of patients over 65 years old in America are due to vertigo.

Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma; a Case Report.

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSHE) is a rare entity can have several reasons. Its prevalence in population is 0.1 per 100,000 with the male to female ratio of 1/4:1.

Histamine Antagonists for Treatment of Peripheral Vertigo: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Vertigo, the hallucination of movement of oneself or one's surroundings, can have substantial adverse effects on the quality of life of affected patients. It is essential to decrease the frequency, severity, and duration of vertigo attacks using effective medications with minimal debilitating adverse effects. We performed a meta-analysis of available clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of histamine antagonists in the treatment of vertigo compared to the rate of resolution in untreated control groups.

Comparison of therapeutic effects of magnesium sulfate vs. dexamethasone/metoclopramide on alleviating acute migraine headache.

Background: There is controversy about the efficacy of currently used treatment modalities to alleviate migraine headaches.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of magnesium sulfate and combined use of dexamethasone/metoclopramide on relieving acute migraine headache.

Methods: We randomly divided 70 patients who had been referred to an emergency department, into two equal treatment groups with the two treatment plans, and analyzed pain severity at baseline using a numeric rating scale (NRS).

Quality of Life in Emergency Medicine Specialists of Teaching Hospitals.

Introduction: Quality of life (QOL) of emergency medicine specialists can be effective in providing services to patients. The aim of the present study was evaluating the lifestyle of emergency medicine practitioners, understanding their problems, and addressing the solutions to enhance and improve their lifestyles, in teaching hospitals in Iran.

Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on emergency medicine physicians in 10 teaching hospitals of Iran in 2011.

A comparative study of the sedative effect of oral midazolam and oral promethazine medication in lumbar puncture.

Objective: Lumbar puncture (LP) essentially is a painful and stressful procedure, however indicated for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. One way to reduce the anxiety is to administer an oral premedication. The aim of this study is to compare clinical effects of oral midazolam and oral promethazine in LP.

Cause of Emergency Department Mortality; a Case-control Study.

Introduction: Based on previous studies, cardiovascular diseases, traffic accidents, traumas and cancers are the most important etiology of mortalities in emergency departments (ED). However, contradictory findings have been reported in relation to mortality in emergency departments. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of clinical factors in mortality among patients referring to an emergency department in a third-level hospital in Tehran, Iran.

Promethazine plus sumatriptan in the treatment of migraine: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of sumatriptan (50 mg) plus promethazine (SPr) (25 mg) compared with sumatriptan (50 mg) plus placebo in patients with migraine attacks.

Background: Migraine is a chronic, disabling disorder with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 10% in adults imposing substantial social and economic impact. Efficient treatment of migraine attacks could benefit patients by reducing their disability and the need for health care resources, and improving economic productivity.

Utilization of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Method in Increasing the Revenue of Emergency Department; a Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: The balance between revenue and cost of an organization/system is essential to maintain its survival and quality of services. Emergency departments (ED) are one of the most important parts of health care delivery system. Financial discipline of EDs, by increasing the efficiency and profitability, can directly affect the quality of care and subsequently patient satisfaction.

Application of Queuing Analytic Theory to Decrease Waiting Times in Emergency Department: Does it Make Sense?

Background: Patients who receive care in an emergency department (ED), are usually unattended while waiting in queues.

Objectives: This study was done to determine, whether the application of queuing theory analysis might shorten the waiting times of patients admitted to emergency wards.

Patients And Methods: This was an operational study to use queuing theory analysis in the ED.

Residents' experiences in dealing with abuse in emergency department: a survey in Iran hospitals.

Background: Abuse in Emergency Department (ED) as a widespread phenomenon, has negative effects on ED residents. This issue pertains to Western as well as Asian countries.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess how Iranian ED residents deal with abuse.

Clinical audit of emergency unit before and after establishment of the emergency medicine department.

Objective: To assess the deficiencies and potential areas through a medical audit of the emergency departments, in six general hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences at Tehran, Iran, after preparing specific wards-based international standards.

Methods: A checklist was completed for all hospitals which met our eligibility criteria mainly observation and interviews with head nurses and managers of the emergency medicine unit of the hospitals before (2003) and after (2008) the establishment of emergency departments there. Domains studied included staffing, education and continuing professional development (CPD), facility (design), equipment, ancillary services, medical records, manuals and references, research, administration, pre-hospital care, information systems, disaster planning, bench-marking and hospital accreditation.

Improving the prediction of stroke or death after transient ischemic attack (TIA) by adding diffusion-weighted imaging lesions and TIA etiology to the ABCD2 score.

The present study investigated the addition of transient ischemic attack (TIA) etiology and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to the ABCD2 score, creating the ABCDE+ score, to improve the predictive ability of stroke risk or death at 6 months after TIA. We performed a cohort study of 150 consecutive patients with TIA. All patients underwent DWI and all had an etiologic workup and were followed up for 6 months.