Induction of Strong and Specific Humoral and T-helper 1 Cellular Responses by HBsAg Entrapped in the Methanobrevibacter smithii Archaeosomes.

Background: Application of adjuvants with microbial origins is a recently highlighted approach in the vaccinology trials. Archaeosomes are among these microbial compounds with both adjuvant and liposomal activities and features.

Methods: In the present study, recombinant HBsAg encapsulated into Methanobrevibacter smithii (M.

Methanobrevibacter smithii archaeosomes-entrapped mzNL4-3 virus-like particles induce specific T helper 1-oriented cellular and humoral responses against HIV-1.

Despite numerous and tremendous achievements in the development and standardization of HIV vaccines, there are still lots of vague concepts in HIV vaccinology. Various approaches have been applied to design an efficient HIV vaccine. Due to their lack of replication ability and expression of native antigens at the same time virus-like particles, such as previously introduced mzNL4-3 HIV-1 VLPs are among the highlighted candidates in this field.

Application of outer membrane vesicle of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B as a new adjuvant to induce strongly Th1-oriented responses against HIV-1.

Despite the worldwide efforts made in the field of HIV vaccine development, an efficient AIDS vaccine strategy is still vague. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are one of the introduced aspects for HIV vaccine development since the non-replicative nature of HIV VLPs, resulting from the lack of viral genomic RNA, makes them suitable for broad applications. We have previously designed and introduced non-infectious VLPs (mzNL4-3) by introduction of a deletion mutation in the reverse transcriptase and integrase coding regions of HV-1.