Are photocatalytic processes effective for removal of airborne viruses from indoor air? A narrative review.

A wide variety of methods have been applied in indoor air to reduce the microbial load and reduce the transmission rate of acute respiratory diseases to personnel in healthcare sittings. In recent months, with the occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic, the role of portable ventilation systems in reducing the load of virus in indoor air has received much attention. The present study delineates a comprehensive up-to-date overview of the available photocatalysis technologies that have been applied for inactivating and removing airborne viruses.

Electrodisinfection of bacteria-laden in surface water using modified Ti electrode by antimony-and nickel-doped tin oxide composite.

Providing clean and safe drinking water by point of use (POU) disinfection methods has become a critical issue, especially in crises and epidemics. In this study, antimony-and nickel-doped tin oxide electrode (Ni-Sb-SnO) was employed as an electrode for electro-catalytic disinfection of surface water. The synthetized electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscope, linear sweep voltammetry and X-Ray diffraction techniques.

Sampling and detection of corona viruses in air: A mini review.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a strain of coronaviruses that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In these days, the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through the air has become a controversial topic among scientists. Various organizations provide standard methods for monitoring biological agents in the air.

Effect of different concentrations of substrate in microbial fuel cells toward bioenergy recovery and simultaneous wastewater treatment.

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) is a promising and expanding technology able to eliminate various pollutants of wastewater while converting its chemical energy into power energy using biocatalysts. The potential application of double-chamber microbial fuel cell (DC-MFC) for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and generated power from wastewater in the different conditions is investigated. DC-MFC is operated with anaerobic sludge as an active biocatalyst in an anode section, an aerobic cathode section and a Nafion117 membrane as a separator.

Integrated advanced oxidation process, sono-Fenton treatment, for mineralization and volume reduction of activated sludge.

In this work, the efficiencies of Fenton catalytic and sonolysis processes were investigated separately and in combination together for the treatment and reduction of sludge volume. Moreover, the effects of operating parameters such as retention time, initial pH, iron concentration, and HO concentration on COD reduction as well as the proportion of volatile solids to total solids (VS/TS) were studied. Finally, the effects of these processes on the sludge volume index (SVI) and sludge volume reduction (SVR) were evaluated.

Prediction the groundwater level of Hamadan-Bahar Plain, west of Iran using support vector machines.

Background: Water is considered as the main source of life but water resources are limited and nonrenewable. Different factors have caused groundwater to decrease. Therefore, modeling and predicting groundwater level is of great importance.

Microwave/H2O2 efficiency in pentachlorophenol removal from aqueous solutions.

Background: Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is one of the most fungicides and pesticides. Acute and chronic poisoning from PCP may be occurred by dermal absorption, and respiration or ingestion. With respect to health and environmental effects of PCP, many methods were considered regarding its removal.

Treatment of waste sludge: a comparison between anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton processes.

Background: Electrochemical methods, as one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), have recently been applied to remove different contaminants from water and wastewater. This study compares the performance of anodic oxidation (AO) and electro-Fenton (EF) methods on waste sludge treatment.

Methods: This experimental study was performed on real sludge and the effect of operating parameters such as solution pH, operating time, current density, supporting electrolyte and hydrogen peroxide concentration were investigated in a batch reactor.

Catalytic ozonation of phenol using copper coated pumice and zeolite as catalysts.

Background: Catalytic ozonation has recently been applied as a new method of contaminant removal from water and wastewater. In this study, copper coated pumice and zeolite were used to catalyze the ozonation of phenol as a target pollutant from aqueous solutions.

Methods: The pumice and zeolite stone were modified by CuSO4 (1N).

Kinetic and isotherm of hexavalent chromium adsorption onto nano hydroxyapatite.

Background: Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) is an important contaminant in surface and groundwater and its removal from contaminated water and wastewater has received interest in recent years. This study aimed to explain the removal process of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution using nano hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) as an adsorbent material.

Methods: Cr (VI) removal experiments with the prepared n-HAp were carried out as the batch test in 100 ml flask while agitating on the shaker.

Preparation of an adsorbent from pumice stone and its adsorption potential for removal of toxic recalcitrant contaminants.

Background: In recent years, proficient treatment of wastewaters containing recalcitrant and toxic compounds such as phenol has been a challenge. This study introduced and evaluated an efficient option for treating such wastewater.

Methods: This experimental study was performed on phenol removal as a recalcitrant and toxic compound in aqueous solutions in 2011.

Nitrate removal from drinking water by point of use ion exchange.

Background: A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the ability of a special type of strongly basic resin MP500WS for the removal of nitrate from different waters.

Methods: Two different types of Point-of-Use (POU) devices containing an identical resin were used. MP500WS known as macro porous was used in POU devices for removal of high concentrations of nitrate and sulfate ions from water.

Correlation between asthma and irritable bowel syndrome in a general population in Iran in 2003.

Background: Associations have been reported between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and asthma.

Aims: To explore the inter-relations between these conditions in a general population sample.

Subjects: A randomly selected community sample of 5492 adults.