Significance of Marangoni convection in ethylene glycol base hybrid nanofluid flow with viscous dissipation through a porous medium.

The current research deals with analytical analysis of Marangoni convection on ethylene glycol base hybrid nanofluid two-dimension flow with viscous dissipation through a porous medium, which have some important application in mechanical, civil, electronics, and chemical engineering. Two types of nanoparticles one is sliver and other is graphene oxide and ethylene glycol is used as base fluid in this research work. The authors applied appropriate transformations to convert a collection of dimension form of nonlinear partial differential equations to dimensionless form of nonlinear ordinary differential equations.

Optimization of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete for Controlling Defects in Canal Lining.

Losses in irrigation canals occur during the process of water transportation. In irrigation conveyance water losses, seepage loss is the main contributor to total water loss. The most problematic factors are cracks and settlement of the lined canal in canal lining structures.

Global distribution and definitive host range of Echinococcus species and genotypes: A systematic review.

Echinococcus species (spp.) are regarded as neglected cestodes causing several potential zoonoses of global public health. This systematic review critically appraises the worldwide distribution of Echinococcus spp.

Correction: A cross-sectional survey of hard ticks and molecular characterization of Rhipicephalus microplus parasitizing domestic animals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Epidemiology and phylogeny of through internal transcribed spacer 2 gene in small ruminants.

Introduction: () is a blood-feeding nematode causing infectious disease haemonchosis in small ruminants of tropical and subtropical regions around the world. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and phylogeny of in small ruminants using the internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) gene. In addition, a comprehensive review of the available literature on the status of in Pakistan was conducted.

2-D Slicewise Waveform Inversion of Sound Speed and Acoustic Attenuation for Ring Array Ultrasound Tomography Based on a Block LU Solver.

Ultrasound tomography is an emerging imaging modality that uses the transmission of ultrasound through tissue to reconstruct images of its mechanical properties. Initially, ray-based methods were used to reconstruct these images, but their inability to account for diffraction often resulted in poor resolution. Waveform inversion overcame this limitation, providing high-resolution images of the tissue.

Bio-preservatives and essential oils as an alternative to chemical preservatives in the baking industry: a concurrent review.

The use of chemical preservatives in the baking industry is a common practice to extend the shelf life of baked goods However, there is growing interest in natural alternatives due to worries about the security and potential health risks of these chemicals. The purpose of this concurrent review is to investigate the potential of using essential oils and bio-preservatives in place of chemical preservatives in the baking industry. With a focus on their efficiency in extending the shelf life of baked goods, the review includes a thorough analysis of the most recent research on the use of bio-preservatives and essential oils in food preservation.

Phytochemical profile, nutritional composition of pomegranate peel and peel extract as a potential source of nutraceutical: A comprehensive review.

The current study focuses on (pomegranate) peel and peel extract and their use as functional foods, food additives, or physiologically active constituents in nutraceutical formulations. The pomegranate peel extract is a good source of bioactive substances needed for the biological activity of the fruit, including phenolic acids, minerals, flavonoids (anthocyanins), and hydrolyzable tannins (gallic acid). The macromolecules found in pomegranate peel and peel extract have been recommended as substitutes for synthetic nutraceuticals, food additives, and chemo-preventive agents because of their well-known ethno-medical significance and chemical properties.

Synthesis of Plant-Mediated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Optimization of Chemically Modified Activated Carbon Adsorbents for Removal of As, Pb, and Cd Ions from Wastewater.

This research study was designed with the aim to prepare plant extract-mediated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and different chemically modified carbon adsorbents from the plant and then optimize the carbon adsorbents by evaluating their adsorption applications in wastewater for the selected metal ions like arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique was used to highlight functional groups in plant-mediated IONPs and chemically modified carbon adsorbents. A scanning electron microscopy study was conducted to explain the surface morphology of the adsorbents.

Analytical study on couple stress flow of GO-EG and GO-W nanofluid over an extending cylinder along with variable viscosity.

The main goal of this research is to present the concept of enhancing heat transfer within emerging technology. To achieve this, tiny metal and nonmetal particles ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size are introduced into base liquids. These nanoscale particles are utilized to improve the thermal performance of the liquids, leading to what are termed nanofluids.

Sound Speed Estimation for Distributed Aberration Correction in Laterally Varying Media.

Spatial variation in sound speed causes aberration in medical ultrasound imaging. Although our previous work has examined aberration correction in the presence of a spatially varying sound speed, practical implementations were limited to layered media due to the sound speed estimation process involved. Unfortunately, most models of layered media do not capture the lateral variations in sound speed that have the greatest aberrative effect on the image.

Novel mutations in CYBB Gene Cause X-linked chronic Granulomatous Disease in Pakistani patients.

Background: Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency that causes susceptibility to recurrent fungal and bacterial infections. The CYBB gene encodes gp91 component of the Phagocytic Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and specifically, X-linked CGD is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, located on the X chromosome. The aim of the study was to characterize functional and genetic mutations in X-linked CGD.

Bacteriophages and food safety: An updated overview.

Despite significant advances in pathogen survival and food cleaning measures, foodborne diseases continue to be the main reason for hospitalization or other fatality globally. Conventional antibacterial techniques including pasteurization, pressurized preparation, radioactivity, as well as synthetic antiseptics could indeed decrease bacterial activity in nutrition to variable levels, despite their serious downsides like an elevated upfront outlay, the possibility of accessing malfunctions due to one corrosiveness, as well as an adverse effect upon those the foodstuffs' organoleptic properties and maybe their nutritional significance. Greatest significantly, these cleansing methods eliminate all contaminants, including numerous (often beneficial) bacteria found naturally in food.

Reviewing methods of deep learning for diagnosing COVID-19, its variants and synergistic medicine combinations.

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the development of reliable diagnostic methods for accurately detecting the novel coronavirus and its variants. Deep learning (DL) techniques have shown promising potential as screening tools for COVID-19 detection. In this study, we explore the realistic development of DL-driven COVID-19 detection methods and focus on the fully automatic framework using available resources, which can effectively investigate various coronavirus variants through modalities.

Optimal transmit apodization for the maximization of lag-one coherence with applications to aberration delay estimation.

Phase aberration is one of the major sources of image degradation in medical ultrasound imaging. One of the earliest and simplest techniques to correct for phase aberration involves nearest-neighbor cross correlation to estimate delays between neighboring receive channels and the compensation of aberration delays in a delay-and-sum beamformer. The main challenge is that neighboring receive channels may not have sufficient signal correlation to accurately estimate the aberration delays.

Aberration correction in diagnostic ultrasound: A review of the prior field and current directions.

Medical ultrasound images are reconstructed with simplifying assumptions on wave propagation, with one of the most prominent assumptions being that the imaging medium is composed of a constant sound speed. When the assumption of a constant sound speed are violated, which is true in most in vivoor clinical imaging scenarios, distortion of the transmitted and received ultrasound wavefronts appear and degrade the image quality. This distortion is known as aberration, and the techniques used to correct for the distortion are known as aberration correction techniques.

Separation of mainlobe and sidelobe contributions to B-mode ultrasound images based on the aperture spectrum.

Purpose: Isolating the mainlobe and sidelobe contribution to the ultrasound image can improve imaging contrast by removing off-axis clutter. Previous work achieves this separation of mainlobe and sidelobe contributions based on the covariance of received signals. However, the formation of a covariance matrix at each imaging point can be computationally burdensome and memory intensive for real-time applications.

Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards cutaneous leishmaniasis in referral cases with cutaneous lesions: A cross-sectional survey in remote districts of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania spp. and transmitted by female sandflies. Terrorism and counter-insurgency military operations in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) lead to a large-scale migration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and thus, new outbreaks of several infectious diseases such as cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred.

Angular spectrum method for curvilinear arrays: Theory and application to Fourier beamforming.

Fourier beamforming techniques for medical ultrasound imaging have largely been limited to linear transducer arrays. This work extends the angular spectrum method to curvilinear arrays and demonstrates a migration-based Fourier beamforming technique that has implications for sound speed estimation and distributed aberration correction for abdominal imaging applications. When compared to Field II simulations, the proposed angular spectrum method simulates the pressure field from a focused transmission to within 3.

Analytical Investigation of the Time-Dependent Stagnation Point Flow of a CNT Nanofluid over a Stretching Surface.

The heat transfer ratio has an important role in industry and the engineering sector; the heat transfer ratios of CNT nanofluids are high compared to other nanofluids. This paper examines the analytical investigation of the time-dependent stagnation point flow of a CNT nanofluid over a stretching surface. For the investigation of the various physical restrictions, single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, MWCNTs) were used and compared.

Distributed Aberration Correction Techniques Based on Tomographic Sound Speed Estimates.

Phase aberration is widely considered a major source of image degradation in medical pulse-echo ultrasound. Traditionally, near-field phase aberration correction techniques are unable to account for distributed aberrations due to a spatially varying speed of sound in the medium, while most distributed aberration correction techniques require the use of point-like sources and are impractical for clinical applications where diffuse scattering is dominant. Here, we present two distributed aberration correction techniques that utilize sound speed estimates from a tomographic sound speed estimator that builds on our previous work with diffuse scattering in layered media.

Nanoparticles as Alternatives for the Control of : A Systematic Approach to Unveil New Anti-haemonchiasis Agents.

is an infectious gastrointestinal nematode parasite of small ruminants. This study addresses the / anti-haemonchiasis potential, toxicological effects, and mechanism of action of nanoparticles. Online databases were used to search and retrieve the published literature (2000 to 2021).

Noninvasive estimation of local speed of sound by pulse-echo ultrasound in a rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver.

. Speed of sound has previously been demonstrated to correlate with fat concentration in the liver. However, estimating speed of sound in the liver noninvasively can be biased by the speed of sound of the tissue layers overlying the liver.