Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation on Parkinson Disease Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Patients in the early stages of Parkinson disease (PD) may have subtle cognitive deficits, while overt cognitive deficits are usually manifestations of late-stage PD. There is still a debate on the outcome of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on the cognitive function of PD patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS on the dementia of PD patients after surgery compared to medical therapy and other procedures.

Neurological soft signs as trait markers of a subset of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with low insight and altered cognitive abilities.

Neurological soft signs (NSS) are subtle motor control impairments that include involuntary movements and abnormalities of motor coordination, sensory integration and lateralization. They engage different brain networks, including the prefrontal networks that support the higher cognitive functions that are dysfunctional in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study investigated the relationships between the presence of NSS and patients' severity of OCD symptoms, insight, and treatment resistance in a sample of 63 patients.

The effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on pain intensity of patients with fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has shown promise as a potential treatment for FM by modulating pain perception and reducing symptoms, such as fatigue and depression. We aimed to systematically review studies that assess the effect of tDCS on pain reduction in FM patients.

High treatment resistance is associated with lower performance in the Stroop test in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Around 50% of the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are resistant to treatment, and patients with OCD show alterations in a broad range of cognitive abilities. The present study investigated the links between treatment-resistance, executive and working memory abilities, and the severity of OCD symptoms among 66 patients with OCD. The patients performed seven tests gauging their executive functions and working memory and filled in questionnaires for OCD severity and insight into their pathology.

Correlation of response to subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease patients with striatal dopamine transporter density on 99mtc-TRODAT-1 SPECT.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical approach with electrical stimulation of certain parts of the brain, which reduce Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms. Since the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is the main pathophysiology of PD, we aimed to evaluate the association of response to DBS with preoperative dopamine transporter density (DAT) and its postoperative changes in PD patients who underwent the bilateral implantation of the electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus (STN).

Method: A prospective evaluation of Parkinson's disease patients who underwent STN-DBS for 2 years was done.

Constant current or constant voltage deep brain stimulation: short answers to a long story.

Purpose: Recently, the feature of generating constant current output has been added to the implantable pulse generators (IPGs). The efficacy of the conventionally used constant voltage (CV) stimulation has been proved in different movement and psychiatric disorders. In this systematic review, we aimed to discuss the effect of constant current (CC) and constant voltage stimulation on patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who had subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation implantation; we also compared these methods of stimulation with each other.

Effect of deep brain stimulation on freezing of gait in patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

Background And Objectives: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling gait disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by recurrent episodes of halting steps. Dopaminergic drugs are common treatments for PD and FOG; however, these drugs may worsen FOG. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is another option used to treat selected patients.

Differentiating Between Low- and High-grade Glioma Tumors Measuring Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values in Various Regions of the Brain.

Objectives: Our study aimed to apply the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values to quantify the differences between low- and high-grade glioma tumors.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective study between September to December 2019. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion-weighted images (DWIs), and the pathologic findings of 56 patients with glioma tumors (low grade = 28 and high grade = 28) were assessed to measure the ADC values in the tumor center, tumor edema, boundary area between tumor with normal tissue, and inside the healthy hemisphere.

Using Preimplanted Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes for Rescue Thalamotomy in a Case of Holmes Tremor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Chronic stimulation of the thalamus is a surgical option in the management of intractable Holmes tremor. Patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) can encounter infection as a postoperative complication, necessitating explantation of the hardware. Some studies have reported on the technique and the resulting efficacy of therapeutic lesioning through implanted DBS leads before their explantation.

Initial Results of Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation for Parkinson Disease in a Newly Established Center in a Developing Country: Shiraz, Southern Iran.

Objective: To report the establishment of a new center for deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a surgical treatment for Parkinson disease and the surgical outcomes, from 2014 to 2017 in Shiraz, Southern Iran.

Methods: A new treatment program was established in Shiraz through a multidisciplinary team in 2014. Thirty-four patients underwent implantation of subthalamic nucleus (STN) electrodes during the last 3 years.

A comprehensive approach in high-grade glioma management: position statement from the Neuro-Oncology Scientific Club (NOSC), Shiraz, Iran.

Establishing a robust teamwork model in the practice of neuro-oncology requires continued interdisciplinary efforts. The Neuro-Oncology Scientific Club (NOSC) initiative is an interdisciplinary clinical forum promoting the comprehensive approach across involved disciplines in the management of central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. With its provincial founding panels and national steering board, NOSC has been operational in Iran since 2011.

Incidence of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients Undergoing Degenerative Spine Surgery onProphylactic Dalteparin; A Single Center Report.

Objective: To determine the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)in patients undergoing spinal surgeries receiving prophylactic doses of Deltaparin in a single center in central Iran.

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shariatee hospital of Isfahan during a 12-month period. We included all the patients undergoing elective spinal surgeries in our center during the study period who received prophylactic dosages of subcutaneous Dalteparin (5000unit daily) thefirst postoperative day.

Serum Levels of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Correlate with Poor Clinical Grades in Cerebral Aneurysms.

Background: Ruptured cerebral aneurysms (ICAs) are the most common non-traumatic cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) that is associated with life threatening complications such as Vasospasm, Infarction, and Hydrocephalus (HCP). The active participation of macrophage/monocyte-mediated inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysm as labeled with Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) is suggested.

Objective: To measure the serum level of MCP-1 in ruptured CAs in different time intervals.

Outcome after temporal lobectomy in patients with medically-refractory mesial temporal epilepsy in Iran.

Background: Epilepsy surgery has been proved to be feasible and cost-effective in developing countries. In the current paper, we discussed the outcome of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and medically-refractory seizures who had surgery at our center in Shiraz, Iran.

Methods: Patients aged 18 years and older with refractory MTLE and mesial temporal sclerosis operated at Namazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran from May 2009 through December 2011 were enrolled.

Operationalizing Cognitive Science and Technologies' Research and Development; the "Brain and Cognition Study Group (BCSG)" Initiative from Shiraz, Iran.

Recent advances in brain and cognitive science studies have revolutionized concepts in neural dynamics, regulating mechanisms, coding systems and information processing networks which govern our function and behavior. Hidden aspects of neurological and psychiatric diseases are being understood and hopes for their treatment are emerging. Although the two comprehensive mega-projects on brain mapping are in place in the United States and Europe; the proportion of science contributed by the developing countries should not be downsized.

Management of epilepsy in resource-limited areas: establishing an epilepsy surgery program in Iran.

Background Of about 40 million people with epilepsy, who live in developing countries, the majority do not receive appropriate treatment. Nonetheless, there are striking disparities among the so-called developing countries, however generally speaking, access to and availability of epilepsy management programs in developing countries are very limited and therefore, the issue of developing epilepsy centers in resource-limited settings in a large scale is very essential. The surgery for epilepsy, including temporal lobotomy, lesionectomy and corpus colostomy, for patients with medically-refractory seizures, defined as failure of adequate trials of two tolerated, appropriately chosen and using antiepileptic drug to achieve sustained freedom, from seizure has been proved to be feasible and cost-effective in developing countries.

Outcome of decompressive craniectomy in comparison to nonsurgical treatment in patients with malignant MCA infarction.

Background: Malignant cerebral infarction is a well-recognized disease, comprising 10-15% of all cases with cerebral infarction and causing herniation and death in 80% of cases. In this study, we compare the effects of decompressive craniectomy versus conventional medical treatment on mortality rate and functional and neurological outcome in patients with malignant MCA infarction.

Methods: We performed a prospective case-control study on 60 patients younger than 80years of age suffering malignant MCA cerebral infarction.

Corpus callosotomy is a valuable therapeutic option for patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and medically refractory seizures.

Purpose: We present our experience with corpus callosotomy (CC) in a developing country with limited resources in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and medically refractory seizures.

Methods: All patients with LGS who underwent CC for medically refractory epilepsy at Namazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran from May 2009 through March 2012 were reviewed in a retrospective study. Presurgical evaluation included clinical history, neurological examination, a 2-hour video-EEG recording, and 1.