The effects of fasting and dehydration on pupillary light reflex as detected by pupillometry.

The pupillary light reflex could serve as a valuable method for measuring dynamic responses in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, it remains unclear whether physiological conditions such as fasting and dehydration affect pupillary reflexes. In this study, we investigated the effects of fasting and dehydration on pupillary responses using pupillometry.

Can Inactivated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Cause Bilateral Neurotrophic Keratopathy?

Purpose: To present a case of bilateral neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) following an inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine administration.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 46-year-old female patient was referred to our cornea department with unhealing corneal epithelial defects in both eyes.

How is the posterior ocular segment affected in cesarean section and normal vaginal delivery?

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and cesarean section (CS) on the retina, optic disc, and choroid in healthy pregnant women by using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: This prospectively designed study included 60 healthy pregnant women, of whom 30 underwent NVD and 30 underwent CS. Ophthalmological examinations and OCT scans were performed on all pregnant women during the third trimester and the first postpartum week.

Corneal innervation changes ın Alzheimer's: implications for sensory dysfunction.

Purpose: To compare, between Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and healthy individuals, corneal subbasal nerve plexus (CSNP) parameters and corneal sensitivities.

Methods: Twenty-two patients who were followed up with Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's group) and 18 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals (control group) were included in this cross-sectional study. CSNP parameters, including nerve fiber length (NFL), nerve fiber density (NFD), and nerve branch density (NBD), were evaluated using in vivo confocal microscopy.

Triglyceride Glucose Index: A Potential Indicator in the Evaluation of Graves Ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) and triglyceride glucose index (TGI) and to evaluate the predictive importance of this index in terms of GO activity.

Methods: This retrospective study included 20 inactive GO patients, 20 active GO patients, and 20 healthy controls. TGI was calculated using fasting plasma triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose levels and values were compared between the groups.

Expression of placental growth factor, neuropilin-1, and neuropilin-2 in primary pterygium tissue.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of placental growth factor (PLGF), neuropilin-1 (NP-1), and neuropilin-2 (NP-2) molecules in primary pterygium tissue compared with normal conjunctival tissue.

Methods: The records of 42 patients who underwent excision surgery with autografts for primary pterygium (pterygium group) and 20 patients who underwent conjunctival nevus excision surgery (control group) in the same period were reviewed retrospectively. The samples obtained from the pterygium tissues in the pterygium group and the clean conjunctival tissues adjacent to the nevus in the control group were collected from the archive.

Evaluation of the Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Pterygium: Monocyte-to- High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Hematologic Indexes of Inflammation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate systemic inflammation in patients with pterygium using the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and hematologic indexes of inflammation.

Methods: Thirty-one patients with primary pterygium and 31 age-and sex-matched healthy participants were enrolled in this retrospective study. The MHR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-eosinophil ratio, mean platelet volume-to-platelet count ratio, platelet distribution width, and red cell distribution width were compared between the two groups.

Quantitative assessment of the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus of post-COVID-19 patients using in vivo confocal microscopy.

Objectives: To investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 causes morphological changes in the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (CSNP) of post-COVID-19 patients using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).

Methods: A total of 70 participants were included in the study and were divided into three groups. Post-COVID-19 patients with neurological manifestations were considered Group 1 (n = 24), and post-COVID-19 patients without neurological manifestations were considered Group 2 (n = 24).

Conjunctival impression cytology and tear film parameters in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: To evaluate conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) findings and tear film parameters in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with controls.

Methods: Thirty-three patients with MS (MS group) and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group) were included in this cross-sectional comparative study. CIC grades, tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer 1 test results, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores were compared between the two groups, and correlations between CIC grade, TBUT, Schirmer 1 test result, OSDI score, Expanded Disability Status Scale score, and disease duration were analyzed.

Evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with keratoconus.

Objective: To investigate the monocyte-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio (MHR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), eosinophil-to-lymphocytes ratio (ELR), platelet distribution width (PDW), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), MPV to platelet count ratio (MPV/PC), and RDW to platelet ratio (RPR) that are accepted as inflammatory markers in patients with keratoconus.

Methods: In this study, 43 patients with keratoconus and 43 healthy individuals as the control group were retrospectively evaluated. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), lymphocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, platelet, MPV, PDW, and RDW values were obtained with complete blood count performed on the peripheral blood samples.