Optimizing saffron cormlet production through substrate composition nutrient concentration and irrigation management in soilless cultivation.

A two-year study has been conducted to optimize saffron cormlet production in a soilless cultivation system. Variations in the concentration of phosphate, boron, and irrigation events were assessed in the first year. Subsequently, after optimizing the substrate composition, the effects of nutrient solution volume and the concentration of nitrate, iron, and boron were investigated on the yield and weight of cormlets and leaves, photosynthetic activities, and productivity of nutrient solutions in the second year.

New binary mixtures of fungicides against Macrophomina phaseolina: Machine learning-driven QSAR, read-across prediction, and molecular dynamics simulation.

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis greatly enhances the development and research of pesticides. This study employed Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), machine learning (ML), and read-across (RA) approaches to investigate the combined effects of binary mixtures of fungicides on Macrophomina phaseolina. Using the Fixed Ratio Ray Design (FRRD) method, 75 binary mixtures of six frequently used fungicides were generated, with many exhibiting additive interactions as indicated by the Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA) models.

Study the yield and quality of bitter gourd fruit (Momordica charantia) in inoculation with two species of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilizer under different irrigation regimes.

Drought is known to be the most important constraint to the growth and yield of agricultural products in the world, and plant symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be a way to reduce drought stress negative impacts. A two-year experiment to investigate the factorial combination of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, Control) and phosphorus fertilizer (application and non-application of phosphorus) on fruit yield and phenolic acids changes bitter gourd under different irrigation regimes as a split factorial based on a randomized complete block design. Three irrigation regimes, including irrigation after 20%, 50%, and 80% available soil water content depletion (ASWD), were considered in the main plots.

Enhancing cotton sustainability: Multi-factorial intercropping, irrigation, and weed effects on productivity, quality and physiology.

Drought stress and weed infestation are significant factors that significantly decrease cotton yield. Increasing the variety of plants within a cotton field ecosystem can strengthen its stability and protect it from susceptibility to both biotic and abiotic pressures. In this two-year experiment (2021 and 2022), the effects of intercropping systems (four growth conditions including mono- and inter-cropped cotton varieties Golestan and Hekmat with and dragon's head ()), irrigation (three intervals of 3, 6, and 9 days), and weed competition (weed-free and weedy plots) on the agronomic performance, physiological characteristics, and seed quality of cotton in a semi-arid region of Iran were studied.

Differential responses of two fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) landraces pretreated with melatonin to prolonged drought stress and subsequent recovery.

Background: Drought impairs growth, disturbs photosynthesis, and induces senescence in plants, which results in crop productivity reduction and ultimately jeopardizes human food security. The objective of this study was to determine major parameters associated with drought tolerance and recovery ability of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), by examining differential biochemical and phenological responses and underlying enzyme activities as well as melatonin roles during drought stress and re-watering for two contrasting landraces.

Phytochemical analysis and allelopathic potential of essential oil of yarrow ( spp.) ecotypes against redroot pigweed ( L.).

This study will contribute to the knowledge of plant allelopathy and its application in weed management, as well as to the valuation of medicinal and neglected plant species. An allelopathy experiment was conducted to introduce spp. as an effective species on the red root pigweed ( L.

Optimizing Bull Semen Cryopreservation Media Using Multivariate Statistics Approaches.

Cryo-injury reduces post-thaw semen quality. Extender components play a protective role, but existing experimental approaches do not elucidate interactions among extender components, semen samples, and post-thaw quality. To identify optimal concentrations for 12 extender ingredients, we ran 122 experiments with an I-optimal completely random design using a large dataset from our previous study.

Functional Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Essential Oil Percentage in Different Mint Species Affected by Salinity Stress.

Saline stress is responsible for significant reductions in the growth of plants, and it globally leads to limitations in the performance of crops, especially in drought-affected areas. However, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the resistance of plants to environmental stress can lead to a better plant breeding and selection of cultivars. Mint is one of the most important medicinal plants, and it has important properties for industry, and for the medicinal and pharmacy fields.

Harvest time explains substantially more variance in yield, essential oil and quality performances of than irrigation and putrescine application.

Elicitors, irrigation regimes and harvest times influence the content, yield and compound of the essential oil (EO) in (sage), through changes in biomass dynamics and biosynthetic pathways. A two-year field experiment was conducted to determine if foliar application of putrescine under optimum and deficit stress conditions would favorably affect EO yield, content and profile of sage harvested in spring and summer. The response of dry weight, EO yield and content, myrcene and borneol concentrations to irrigation regime and putrescine concentration can be expressed by a quadratic model.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes interact with light intensity to affect morpho-biochemical, nutrient uptake, DNA damage, and secondary metabolism of Stevia rebaudiana.

In this study, the interaction between nanoparticles (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg L) and light intensity (100, 200, and 400 μmol·m·s) was evaluated for effectiveness in improving stevia shoot induction by measuring morphological traits, nutrient absorption, total carbohydrates, steviol glycosides (SVglys), and DNA damage in two DNA sequence regions (promoter and sequence of the UGT76G1 gene). MWCNTs at a concentration of 50 mg L in interaction with the light intensity of 200 μmol·m·s improved the morphological traits and absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and Manganese (Mn), compared to other treatments. Also, under this interaction, the accumulation of total carbohydrates and SVglys was elevated.

Effects of water-deficit stress and putrescine on performances, photosynthetic gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of in two cutting times.

A 2-year (2017-2018) field experiment was performed to specify if the foliar application of putrescine (PUT) under optimum and water-deficit stress (WDS) conditions would favorably affect leaf gas exchange, greenness, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, pigments, sodium (Na), potassium (K), as well as yield and content of the essential oil (EO) relationships in L. (sage) in spring (cutting 1) and summer (cutting 2). Based on the results analysis of variance, the effects of WDS, PUT, and cutting time were significant for the dry weight, leaf area index (LAI), EO content, EO yield, chlorophyll (Chl) t, carotenoid, Na, and K of sage.

Saving environment through improving nutrient use efficiency under intensive use of agrochemicals in paddy fields.

Increased environmental and economic costs of chemical fertilizers necessitates serious attention to improve nutrient use efficiency. A 3-year field investigation was conducted to assess the influence of different drainage systems on nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) use efficiency of two rice cultivars under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) strategy. The drying of the field was done through a surface drainage system (Control) and four subsurface drainage systems (D0.

Phytochemical and physiological changes in L. under different irrigation regimes by exogenous applications of putrescine.

Water stress is the major factor limiting plant productivity and quality in most regions of the world. In the present study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of putrescine (Put) on phytochemical, physiological, and growth parameters of L. under different irrigation regimes.

Improving water deficit tolerance of Salvia officinalis L. using putrescine.

To study the effects of foliar application of putrescine (distilled water (0), 0.75, 1.5, and 2.

Growth, yield and quality of two guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) ecotypes affected by sowing date and planting density in a semi-arid area.

The growth period, phenology, grain yield and gum content of two different guar ecotypes were studied in response to different sowing dates and plant densities. A two-year field experiment was conducted as a split-factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates in the research field of Tarbiat Modares University during 2016 and 2017 growing season. Main plots consisted of four sowing dates (May 21, June 4, June 21 and July 5 in 2016 and May 10, May 26, June 10 and June 26 in 2017), and subplots including three plant densities (13, 20 and 40 plants m-2) and two ecotypes (Pakistani and Indian).

The Potential of the Synthetic Strigolactone Analogue GR24 for the Maintenance of Photosynthesis and Yield in Winter Wheat under Drought: Investigations on the Mechanisms of Action and Delivery Modes.

Strigolactones (SLs) have been implicated in many plant biological and physiological processes, including the responses to abiotic stresses such as drought, in concert with other phytohormones. While it is now clear that exogenous SLs may help plants to survive in harsh environmental condition, the best, most effective protocols for treatment have not been defined yet, and the mechanisms of action are far from being fully understood. In the set of experiments reported here, we contrasted two application methods for treatment with a synthetic analog of SL, GR24.

Investigation of yield, phytochemical composition, and photosynthetic pigments in different mint ecotypes under salinity stress.

Salinity stress is one of the main limiting factors of medicinal plant growth and may affect their characteristics and chemical composition. In order to evaluate the response of different species of Iranian mint to salinity stress, an experiment was designed in greenhouse conditions. In this experiment, six Iranian mint species were cultivated in pots under different salinity stress including 0, 2.

Identification of a defense response gene involved in signaling pathways against PVA and PVY in potato.

Potato is the most important non-grain food crop in the world. Viruses, particularly potato virus Y (PVY) and potato virus A (PVA), are among the major agricultural pathogens causing severe reduction in potato yield and quality worldwide. Virus infection induces host factors to interfere with its infection cycle.

Physiological and antioxidant responses of winter wheat cultivars to strigolactone and salicylic acid in drought.

Strigolactones are considered as important regulators of plant growth and development. Recently positive regulatory influence of strigolactones in plant in response to drought and salt stress has been revealed. Salicylic acid, a phytohormone, has reported to be involved in a number of stress responses such as pathogen infection, UV irradiation, salinity and drought.

Effects of water stress and light intensity on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and pigments of Aloe vera L.

Aloe vera L. is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world. In order to determine the effects of light intensity and water deficit stress on chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence and pigments of A.