Exploring the Relationship Between Bakhour Use and Respiratory Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Despite deep cultural traditions, incense burning significantly impacts respiratory health. Effects of Arabian bakhour remain unknown in Saudi Arabia's Jazan region with prevalent use. This cross-sectional study addresses this gap by investigating bakhour exposure and respiratory diseases.

Assessment of lipid layer patterns in domestic dogs and rabbits: an observational study.

Background: Maintaining a stable tear film is crucial for having healthy human and animal vision. Animals are expected to have thicker lipid layers than humans due to living in high-temperature and humid environments.

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the lipid layer patterns (LLPs) in Arabian dogs and rabbits using a non-invasive, practical, and easy-to-use device and compare them to humans with healthy eyes.

Evaluation of tear meniscus height and lipid layer patterns in the tear film in domestic cats: An observational study.

Background: Healthy vision in humans and animals requires a stable tear film. The environmental factor could affect the status of the tear film. Therefore, assessing the tear film in animals is essential to avoid visual system disturbance.

The Breastfeeding Effect On The Tear Film Of Women: An Observational Study.

Objective: To assess the tear film parameters in breastfeeding women. satisfaction.

Methods: The observational study was conducted at the College of Applied Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from December 15, 2021, to February 12, 2022, and comprised healthy women aged 18-40 years who had no ocular diseases.

Effect of monovalent electrolyte solutions on the human tear ferning pattern.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the addition of a low concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl) solutions on the tear ferning (TF) patterns of tears collected from humans.

Methods: A tear sample (20 μL) was collected from the right eye of 23 males and 7 females (25.4 ± 6.

Correlation between osmolarity measurements using the TearLab™ and I-Pen® systems in subjects with a high body mass index.

Background: Osmolarity is used to detect symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) and can be measured using TearLab™ and I-Pen® systems.

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between osmolarity measurements using the TearLab™ and I-Pen® systems in subjects with a high body mass index (BMI).

Material And Methods: Thirty male subjects with a high BMI (27-48 kg/m2; 23.

Effect of surgical face mask wearing on tear film in women with a high body mass index.

Purpose: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a face mask has become an essential measure to reduce the rate of virus spreading. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of wearing a surgical face mask for a short period on the tear film parameters in subjects with a high body mass index (BMI).

Methods: Twenty-five females with a high BMI (31.

Assessment of Tear Osmolarity in Smokers Using TearLab and I-Pen Systems.

Purpose: Smoking has a negative effect on health and ocular tear film. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the correlation between the TearLab and I-Pen osmolarity scores in smokers and compare them with those of non-smoking healthy males.

Methods: Thirty male smokers (25.

Assessment of the Effect of Wearing a Surgical Face Mask on Tear Film in Normal Eye Subjects.

Purpose: To assess the effect of wearing a face mask for a short time on the tear film parameters in normal eye subjects.

Methods: Fifty-four normal eye subjects (14 female and 40 male) aged 18-40 years (23.8 ± 4.

Evaluation of Tear Evaporation Rate in Subjects with a High Body Mass Index.

Aim: This study evaluated the tear evaporation rate (TER) in subjects with a high body mass index (BMI) and tested the correlation between BMI and dry eye.

Methods: Thirty male subjects aged 18 - 38 years (26.4 ± 4.

The Effect of the Addition of Electrolyte Solutions on the Ferning Patterns of Tears Collected from Normal Eye Subjects.

Significance: The current study is the first report to describe the improvement of ferning patterns of human tears using electrolyte solutions. The results can help in the production of new artificial tears to improve the quality of tears.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the addition of different volumes of various electrolyte solutions on ferning patterns of human tears.

Effect of Ultraviolet-A and Riboflavin treatment on the architecture of the center and periphery of normal rat cornea: 7 days post treatment.

Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is a treatment that is widely applied to halt the progression of ectatic diseases such as keratoconus by creating biomechanical strength in the cornea. Most of the studies assessed the effect of the CXL on the cornea without any differentiation of its effect between periphery and the center of the untreated control cornea especially after the 7 days of CXL application. We investigate the ultrastructural changes in the architecture of the center and periphery of rat corneas, 7 days after standard CXL application.

Assessment of Tear Film Parameters in Smokers and Subjects with a High Body Mass Index.

Significance: The current study compares the ocular tear film parameters in three different groups using a single noninvasive, practical, and easy-to-use tool.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the tear film in smokers, those with a high body mass index (BMI), and healthy subjects using the EASYTEAR view+.

Methods: Thirty men with a high BMI (>25 kg/m2; 24.

Measurements of Tear Evaporation Rate in Subjects with Refractive Errors Using a Portable Evaporimeter.

Dry eye symptoms are associated with refractive errors. We aimed to measure the tear evaporation rate (TER) in subjects with refractive errors (RE) using a portable evaporimeter. This nonrandomized, case-control, and observational study included 75 subjects, including 25 subjects aged 18-38 years (28.

Improving tear ferning patterns collected from goats and camels after adding various electrolyte solutions.

Background: Good quality of tear film is essential for healthy vision in both animals and humans. Therefore, improving the quality of tears through the addition of electrolytes is important.

Objectives: To assess the effect of adding various electrolyte solutions on tear ferning (TF) patterns collected from goats and camels.

A unique pre-endothelial layer at the posterior peripheral cornea: ultrastructural study.

This study was conducted to investigate the ultrastructure of a unique structures at the anterior side of the endothelium of the posterior peripheral cornea and compare their inner fibers to those of the limbus and sclera. The unique structures at the anterior side of endothelium was referred as a pre-endothelial (PENL) structures in the present manuscript. Ten anonymous-donor human corneoscleral rims (leftover after corneal transplants) were processed for electron microscopy.

Evaluation of Tear Evaporation Rate in Patients with Diabetes Using a Hand-Held Evaporimeter.

Diabetes is a very common disease and is considered a risk factor for many diseases such as dry eye. The aim of the current work was to evaluate the tear evaporation rate (TER) in patients with diabetes using a hand-held evaporimeter. This observational, case-control and non-randomized study included 30 male patients with diabetes (17 controlled and 13 uncontrolled) with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 33.

Lipopolysaccharide Enhances Genotoxicity by Activating GADD45G and NF-B in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.

As the prevalence of microbial keratitis increases, it creates an environment conducive to genotoxicity response. A potential connection between growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 gamma (GADD45G) gene expression has not been proven in the corneal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhances genotoxicity, DNA damage, and inflammatory responses in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) .

Improvement in Tear Ferning Patterns of Sheep Tears After Addition of Various Electrolyte Solutions.

This study aimed to improve the tear ferning (TF) patterns in the sheep tears after the addition of various electrolyte solutions in different proportions. Sheep were located at a small farm in the outskirts of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The sheep had no ocular disorders or diseases, and none of the female sheep were pregnant.

Ultrastructural study of collagen fibrils, proteoglycans and lamellae of the cornea treated with iontophoresis - UVA cross-linking and hypotonic riboflavin solution.

To investigate the effects of iontophoresis-ultraviolet A (UVA) cross-linking (CXL) with hypotonic riboflavin solution on the ultrastructural changes in the lamellae, collagen fibrils (CFs), and proteoglycans (PGs) in the central and peripheral stroma of the human corneal buttons. The iontophoresis method was used for the -epithelial application of hypotonic riboflavin in corneal culture for 5 min. The corneas were irradiated using three methods: a UVA irradiance of 3 mW/cm for 30 min; a UVA irradiance of 10 mW/cm for 9 min; without UVA irradiation.

Evaluation of Tear Film Osmolarity Among Diabetic Patients Using a TearLab Osmometer.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to determine the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus on tear osmolarity using a TearLab Osmolarity system. Moreover, the relationship between tear film osmolarity and ocular surface discomfort in controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients was assessed.

Materials And Methods: This study included 20 male type 2 diabetic patients aged 20 to 70 years (mean ± SD 49±12).

Investigation of the repeatability of tear osmolarity using an I-PEN osmolarity device.

Purpose: To investigate the repeatability of tear osmolarity in healthy Saudi subjects using an I-PEN osmolarity device.

Materials And Methods: Thirty typical male subjects with healthy eyes (27.4 ± 4.

Evaluation of the Significance of Tear Ferning Patterns in beta-Thalassemia Patients.

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the tear film in beta-thalassemia patients using tear ferning (TF) and phenol red thread (PRT) tests.

Methods: Forty beta-thalassemia patients, aged 18 - 38 years (25.7 ± 6.

Comparison of Electrolyte Composition and Crystallization Patterns in Bird and Reptile Tears.

To compare tear electrolytes and tear crystallization patterns in birds and reptiles, tears were sampled by Schirmer tear test from 10 animals each of , and , and 5 of . The aliquots were pooled to assess concentrations of total protein, chloride, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, calcium, and urea. For the tear ferning test, samples of each species were observed under a polarized light microscope at room temperature and humidity.

Inhibitory Effect of Ursolic Acid on Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress and Proinflammatory Response-Mediated Senescence in Human Skin Dermal Fibroblasts.

Ultraviolet radiation is an environmental carcinogenic agent that enhances inflammation and immunological reactions in the exposed human skin cells leading to oxidative photoaging of the epidermal and dermal segment. In the present study, we investigated the protective role of ursolic acid (UA) against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation- induced photoaging an model of human skin dermal fibroblasts. UA-pretreated human skin dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells were exposed to UVB radiation to evaluated cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status, DNA damage, proinflammatory response, apoptotic induction, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) alteration.