Utilizing deterministic smart tools to predict recovery factor performance of smart water injection in carbonate reservoirs.

Smart water injection (SWI) is a practical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique that improves displacement efficiency on micro and macro scales by different physiochemical mechanisms. However, the development of a reliable smart tool to predict oil recovery factors is necessary to reduce the challenges related to experimental procedures. These challenges include the cost and complexity of experimental equipment and time-consuming experimental methods for obtaining the recovery factor (RF).