Management of Posttraumatic Avascular Necrosis of the Proximal Humerus.

The etiology of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the proximal humerus can be classified as idiopathic or posttraumatic, the latter being mainly due to proximal humerus fractures. Evidence suggests that posttraumatic AVN may require surgical intervention more often than idiopathic AVN of the proximal humerus. This article provides a comprehensive review of the management of posttraumatic AVN of the proximal humerus.

Quantifying the Severity of Metopic Craniosynostosis: A Pilot Study Application of Machine Learning in Craniofacial Surgery.

The standard for diagnosing metopic craniosynostosis (CS) utilizes computed tomography (CT) imaging and physical exam, but there is no standardized method for determining disease severity. Previous studies using interfrontal angles have evaluated differences in specific skull landmarks; however, these measurements are difficult to readily ascertain in clinical practice and fail to assess the complete skull contour. This pilot project employs machine learning algorithms to combine statistical shape information with expert ratings to generate a novel objective method of measuring the severity of metopic CS.

An Intraoperative Salvage After Transection of the Greater Palatine Artery During Cleft Palate Repair: A Case for Buccal Fat and Buccal Myomucosal Flaps.

Recently, several adjunctive procedures have gained traction to aid cleft surgeons in repairing especially challenging palatal clefts. Buccal fat flaps and buccal myomucosal flaps have demonstrated particular utility in reinforcing thin palatal flaps or tissue deficits. Although their use has not been widely accepted, they may be particularly helpful in the setting of significant scarring or vascular compromise.