Optimizing waste cooking biodiesel production using ultrasonic-assisted and studying its combustion characteristics blended with diesel in diesel engine.

This study aimed to optimize biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using ultrasonic-assisted transesterification and evaluate the combustion characteristics of a diesel engine powered by various biodiesel blends. The effects of transesterification parameters, including reaction time, alcohol-to-oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, and ultrasonic amplitude, were experimentally investigated. The optimal conditions for achieving a biodiesel yield of 96.