VEGF-A-mediated venous endothelial cell proliferation results in neoangiogenesis during neuroinflammation.

Newly formed leaky vessels and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage are present in demyelinating acute and chronic lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the endothelial cell subtypes and signaling pathways contributing to these leaky neovessels are unclear. Here, using single-cell transcriptional profiling and in vivo validation studies, we show that venous endothelial cells express neoangiogenesis gene signatures and show increased proliferation resulting in enlarged veins and higher venous coverage in acute and chronic EAE lesions in female adult mice.

Choroidal thickness changes in healthcare professionals wearing surgical masks or FFP2 masks: Pilot study.

Purpose: To evaluate the choroidal thickness (CT) with enhanced depth-imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) in healthcare professionals using surgical masks or FFP2 (N95) masks.

Methods: We included the 120 eyes of 120 healthy volunteers who were using a surgical mask (Group 1) or FFP2 mask (Group 2) in the study. Spectral domain (SD) OCT was used to measure CT.

CASC11 promotes aggressiveness of prostate cancer cells through miR-145/IGF1R axis.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy diagnosed among men after lung cancer in developed countries. Investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms of PCa is urgently needed in order to develop better therapeutic strategies and to reveal more effective therapeutic targets. In this study, we aimed at exploring the potential functions of CASC11 in association with miR-145 and IGF1R during the malignant progression of PCa cells.

Molecular Characterization of and from Cysts and Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples of Human Isolates in Northeastern Turkey.

Erzurum province of Turkey is known to be highly endemic for alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). In this study, we confirmed cases, searched genetic variations of the isolates, and-for the first time-determined the genotypes of infecting humans in the province. A total of 5 alveolar and 106 hydatid cysts as well as 23 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples that were diagnosed as AE were collected from hospitals between 2015 and 2017.

The casual association of cervical spinal cord ischemia and axonal degeneration in second motor neuron following subarachnoid hemorrhage: Experimental study.

Aim: Muscle abnormalities after spinal cord ischemia caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have not been explored for degenerative variations in the soma of second motor neurons of the spinal cord gray matter. This study aimed to investigate histopathological alterations in the gray matter and the role of peripheral nerves in SAH.

Material And Methods: Twenty-two rabbits were allocated in the control (Group I, n = 5), SHAM (Group II, n = 5), and research (Group III, n = 12) groups.

Mitochondrial DNA deletions in patients with esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer globally. Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) are the two major types of esophageal cancer with poor prognosis. The mechanisms of the progression of normal esophagus to Barrett's esophagus (BE) and EA are not fully understood.

Accidental Intralenticular Injection of Ozurdex® for Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: Intact Posterior Capsule and Resolution of Macular Edema.

Purpose: We present a case of accidental intralenticular injection of Ozurdex implant in a patient with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion.

Method: A case report.

Results: Intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection had been performed for macular edema due to left superior temporal vein branch occlusion to the left eye of a 78-year-old male patient.

The Effects of Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery on Retinal Layer Thickness.

Purpose: Our aim was to assess changes in the total retinal thickness (TRT), total retinal volume (TRV), and retinal layer thickness after uncomplicated cataract surgery.

Methods: A total of 32 eyes of 32 patients who had undergone uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery and intraocular lens implantation in one eye were enrolled. Effective phacoemulsification time (EPT) and total energy (TE) were recorded.

YKL-40 expression in pterygium: a potential role in the pathogenesis.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether YKL-40 (chitinase 3-like 1 protein) plays a role in pterygium pathogenesis.

Methods: We included 42 primary pterygium patients and 24 control subjects with normal bulbar conjunctiva in the study. The pterygium patients were classified into the atrophic, fleshy, and intermediate groups according to the Tan classification.

First detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in rodent intermediate hosts in Turkey.

Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a potentially fatal zoonotic disease. Large parts of Turkey are considered as endemic for E. multilocularis.

Endocan Overexpression in Pterygium.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of endocan in the pathogenesis of pterygium.

Methods: The study was conducted on 33 patients with primary pterygium and 20 control subjects with normal bulbar conjunctiva. Patients with pterygium were graded into 3 groups as atrophic, fleshy, and intermediate, according to the Tan classification.

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (tracheobronchomegaly): An analysis of eleven cases.

Background And Aim: Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (MKS) is a congenital disorder characterized by tracheobronchomegaly resulting from the absence of elastic fibers in the trachea and main bronchi or atrophy and thinning of the smooth muscle layer. In this syndrome, dead space associated with tracheobronchomegaly increases and discharge of secretions decreases because of ineffective coughing. The most common complications are recurrent lower respiratory tract infections and bronchiectasis.

Usefulness of admission red blood cell distribution width as a predictor of severity of acute pulmonary embolism.

Background: Previous researches have represented a considerable relation between acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW). To the authors' knowledge no research has been informed in subjects with PE severity. Pulmonary arterial obstruction index (PAOI) is associated with the severity of acute PE.

CD56, HBME-1 and cytokeratin 19 expressions in papillary thyroid carcinoma and nodular thyroid lesions.

Background: Carcinomas of the thyroid follicular epithelium are the most common cancers of the endocrine system. In the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and tumors, the gold standard is histological evaluation. In cases which have morphological overlap, immunohistochemistry is needed for differential diagnosis.

Necessity of Periodic Ophthalmological Examinations in Binocular B Class Driving Licence Holders Over 50 Years of Age.

Objective: To determine whether binocular B class driving licence (BBCDL) holders over 50 years old are in compliance with the BBCDL criteria for visual acuity, to determine the age-based prevalence of ophthalmological disorders reducing visual acuity in this group, and to investigate whether periodic ophthalmological examinations are needed in licence holders over 50 years of age.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study enrolled 451 adults over 50 years old having a BBCDL. The study subjects were categorized into 3 age groups as group 1 (51-60 years), group 2 (61-70 years), and group 3 (over 71 years).

Evaluation of Serum Superoxide Dismutase Activity, Malondialdehyde, and Zinc and Copper Levels in Patients With Keratoconus.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation marker, and some trace elements such as zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels in patients with keratoconus.

Methods: A total of 58 patients with keratoconus and 53 control subjects with similar age and sex were evaluated in this study. The modified Krumeich keratoconus classification was used to divide the patients into 4 stages.

Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome mimicking an acute pulmonary embolism: a report of six adult cases and a retrospective analysis.

Background And Aim: In patients with pulmonary embolism (PE), a pulmonary radiograph may reveal oligemic fields (the Westermark sign) associated with sites of occlusion of the pulmonary arteries, interruption or loss of the artery line (the knuckle sign), and even unilateral hyperlucency attributable to reduced overall lung vascularity. In Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome (SJMS), which develops as a result of bronchiolitis obliterans, unilateral hyperlucency is evident because of emphysema and hypoplasia of the pulmonary artery and its branches. Therefore, SJMS cases with clinical and laboratory data compatible with PE may in fact be confused with PE.

Choroidal thickness in psoriasis.

Our aim was to compare the choroidal thickness in psoriasis patients and age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. A total of 38 psoriasis cases and 38 age- and gender-matched controls were evaluated. The left eye was evaluated in all subjects.

Leptomeningeal Dissemination of Intraventricular Rhabdoid Meningioma: Imaging Findings.

A 20-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with a 1-year history of headache. The patient's systemic-neurological examination and laboratory findings were normal. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed.