Evaluation of obsessive-compulsive disorder prevalence in Iranian patients with multiple sclerosis and its relationship with demographic characteristics.

The present study examined the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among Iranian patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the relationship between OCD and the patient's demographic characteristics. The present study used a cluster sampling method to randomly select 297 patients with MS from the patients referred to the MS Clinic and Research Center of Sina University Hospital, Tehran, Iran, during 2018-2019. To gather the required data, a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics and disease information sections was used.

Leishmanicidal potentials of extract and its fractions on in a murine model: parasite burden, gene expression, and histopathological profile.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical and subtropical disease caused by over 20 protozoan species. Treatment of this complex disease with traditional synthetic drugs is a major challenge worldwide. Natural constituents are unique candidates for future therapeutic development.

Evaluation of a new live recombinant vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice.

Background: Leishmaniasis is a serious health problem in some parts of the world. In spite of the many known leishmaniasis control measures, the disease has continued to increase in endemic areas, and no effective vaccine has been discovered.

Methods: In this study, Leishmania tarentulae was used as a living factory for the production of two LACK and KMP11 immunogenic antigens in the mice body, and safety profiles were investigated.

Antileishmanial activity and immune modulatory effects of benzoxonium chloride and its entrapped forms in niosome on .

Benzoxonium chloride is an anti-infective agent that is used as anti-septic drugs for disinfection of the mucus membrane, skin surface and anti-bacterial, and it is also found to be effective against cutaneous leishmaniasis. The present study aims to evaluate the leishmanicidal activity of benzoxonium chloride and niosomal forms against stages. Benzoxonium chloride niosomes were prepared by the thin film hydration method and evaluated for morphology, particle size and release study and encapsulation efficiency.

Toxico-pathological effects of meglumine antimoniate on human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases after malaria. The standard treatment of leishmaniasis includes pentavalent antimonials (SbV); however, these drugs are associated with serious adverse effects. There have been very few studies pertaining to their side effects and mechanism of action in the fetus.

Vascular apoptosis associated with meglumine antimoniate: In vivo investigation of a chick embryo model.

The vasculo-toxic effect of meglumine antimoniate (MA) was confirmed in our previous investigation. The current study investigates the association of this effect with altered VEGF-A and VEGF-R2 expression. Additional mechanisms by which MA causes vascular toxicity are not clearly understood.

Embryonic toxico-pathological effects of meglumine antimoniate using a chick embryo model.

Leishmaniasis is one of the diverse and neglected tropical diseases. Embryo-toxicity of drugs has always been a major concern. Chick embryo is a preclinical model relevant in the assessment of adverse effects of drugs.

Toxoplasma gondii Infection Potentiates Cognitive Impairments of Alzheimer's Disease in the BALB/c Mice.

This study tests the hypothesis that in chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection communication among immune cells promotes neuroinflammation through cytokine networks and potentiate cognitive impairments in BALB/c mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The animal model of Toxoplasma infection was established by the intraperitoneal inoculation of 20-25 tissue cysts from the Tehran strain of T. gondii .