Apical root resorption caused by orthodontic forces: A brief review and a long-term observation.

External apical root resorption (ARR) is a common iatrogenic consequence of orthodontic treatment. One of the aims of this article is to present a brief overview of the literature, including; diagnosis and etiology, with emphasis on orthodontic forces to facilitate an understand of the prevention or management of ARR in orthodontic patients. We also present a long-term follow-up observation of severe ARR, including the last obtained cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) records, to demonstrate the effect of orthodontic forces on ARR.

Orthodontic treatment of an ankylosed maxillary central incisor through osteogenic distraction.

Tooth ankylosis is one of the various problems in dentistry and requires special treatment approaches for satisfactory results. In the orthodontic treatment of an ankylosed tooth, different treatment modalities have been put into practice including both orthodontic and orthodontic-surgical approaches. For favorable results, gingival margin esthetics must be considered as much as leveling the ankylosed tooth in the arch.

Correction of Mandibular Retrognathia and Laterognathia by Distraction Osteogenesis: Follow up of 5 cases.

This article evaluates the use of distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of mandibular retrognathia and laterognathia and the long term treatment results of the patients treated with this technique. The procedure was carried out in 5 subjects (3 males and 2 females, mean age 18.4 years) aged between 14 years and 27 years.

Prevalence of malocclusion among adolescents in central anatolia.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of malocclusion in a population of Central Anatolian adolescents in relation to gender.

Methods: The sample comprised 2329 teenagers (1125 boys and 1204 girls), aged between 12 and 17 years (mean age: 14.6 yrs).

Comparison of 2 distalization systems supported by intraosseous screws.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 distalization systems supported by intraosseous screws for maxillary molar distalization.

Methods: Forty subjects with skeletal Class I dental Class II malocclusion were divided into group 1 (8 girls, 12 boys) and group 2 (11 girls, 9 boys). An anchorage unit was prepared by placing an intraosseous screw in the premaxillary area of each subject.

Effects of mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis on mandibular structures.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis on dental and mandibular skeletal structures with a tooth- and bone-borne distraction device.

Methods: The sample comprised 20 patients, ranging in age from 15.8 to 23.

Use of the intraosseous screw for unilateral upper molar distalization and found well balanced occlusion.

Background: The aim of this study was to present a temporary anchorage device with intraosseous screw for unilateral molar distalization to make a space for the impacted premolar and to found well balanced occlusion in a case.

Case Presentation: A 13-year-old male who have an impacted premolar is presented with skeletal Class I and dental Class 2 relationship. The screw was placed and immediately loaded to distalize the left upper first and second molar.

An alternative method for splinting of traumatized teeth: case reports.

Injuries to the dentoalveolar complex are fairly common and can be caused by a number of reasons. There are many techniques for repositioning and stabilizing traumatically luxated or avulsed teeth. Many of the splinting techniques previously advocated were time-consuming.

The use of parental data to evaluate soft tissues in an Anatolian Turkish population according to Holdaway soft tissue norms.

Introduction: The relative influence of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of malocclusion has long been a matter for discussion. The aim of this study was to compare the soft tissue structures of parents and their prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal offspring according to the Holdaway soft tissue norms to determine the similarity among them. Differences related to age and sex between the parents and offspring were also evaluated.

Effects of a chlorhexidine varnish on shear bond strength in indirect bonding.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an antimicrobial varnish on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic orthodontic brackets bonded with an indirect bonding resin. For this purpose, 60 noncarious human premolars were divided into three equal groups. Group 1 was an indirect bonding control group and, after acid etching of the enamel, the brackets were indirectly bonded to the teeth with an indirect bonding resin.

Effects of preoperative ibuprofen and naproxen sodium on orthodontic pain.

Three experimental groups of 20 patients each, all of whom were to undergo fixed orthodontic treatment, were enrolled in this prospective study. Group 1 was given a placebo, group 2 was given 400 mg ibuprofen, and group 3 was given 550 mg naproxen sodium. All the patients received only one dose that was given one hour before archwire placement.

Non-surgical treatment of Class III malocclusion in adults: two case reports.

Class III malocclusions are usually growth-related discrepancies, which often become more severe until growth is complete. The surgery can be part of the treatment plan. The purpose of this report is to review the orthodontic treatment of two patients with a Class III malocclusion who were treated non-surgically.

Pain control during fixed orthodontic appliance therapy.

The control of pain during orthodontic treatment is of great interest to both clinicians and patients. However, there has been limited research into the control of this pain, and there is no standard of care for controlling this discomfort. This prospective study determines the pain sequelae in fixed orthodontic treatment and evaluates comparatively the analgesic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the control of this pain.

Degree of conversion of two lingual retainer adhesives cured with different light sources.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) of two lingual retainer adhesives, Transbond Lingual Retainer (TLR) and Light Cure Retainer (LCR), cured with a fast halogen light, a plasma arc light and a light-emitting diode (LED) at various curing times. A conventional halogen light served as the control. One hundred adhesive samples (five per group) were cured for 5, 10 or 15 seconds with an Optilux 501 (fast halogen light), for 3, 6 or 9 seconds with a Power Pac (plasma arc light), or for 10, 20 or 40 seconds with an Elipar Freelight (LED).

Does orthodontic treatment affect patients' and parents' anxiety levels?

The aims of this study were (1) to determine and compare the anxiety levels of two groups of patient and parents, (2) to identify possible gender differences between male and female subjects and (3) to evaluate any changes in anxiety levels after 1 year of treatment. The first group consisted of 40 subjects with a mean age of 15.6 +/- 1.

Intraosseous screw-supported upper molar distalization.

The aims of the present study were to investigate (1) the efficiency of intraosseous screws for anchorage in maxillary molar distalization and (2) the sagittal and vertical skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes after maxillary molar distalization using intraosseous screw-supported anchorage. Twenty-five subjects (18 girls and seven boys; 11.3 to 16.

The effects of early preorthodontic trainer treatment on Class II, division 1 patients.

The aim of this study was to clarify the dentoskeletal treatment effects induced by a preorthodontic trainer appliance treatment on Class II, division 1 cases. Twenty patients (10 girls and 10 boys, mean age 9.6 +/- 1.

Effectiveness of a hydrophilic primer when different antimicrobial agents are mixed.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether different types of antimicrobial agents with hydrophilic primer applied to etched enamel surfaces will affect the shear bond strength (SBS) and the bracket/adhesive failure modes of metallic orthodontic brackets. Eighty noncarious human premolars were divided into four groups of 20 each. A composite resin (Transbond XT) was used to bond stainless steel brackets.

In vitro evaluation of shear bond strengths and in vivo analysis of bond survival of indirect-bonding resins.

In this study we evaluate the shear bond strengths (SBS) of indirect-bonding systems available on the market. For the in vitro study, 60 extracted premolars were divided into three groups. In indirect group I, the brackets were bonded to models using Therma Cure laboratory resin and transferred to the teeth using Custom IQ resin for indirect bonding.

Effect of light-emitting diode on bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) light curing on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to teeth. Light exposure of 40 seconds from a conventional halogen-based light-curing unit was used as a control. Eighty human premolars were divided into four groups of 20 each.

Management of alveolar clefts using dento-osseous transport distraction osteogenesis.

This article evaluates the usage of distraction osteogenesis (DO) in the treatment of cleft alveoli. The procedure was carried out on eight alveolar clefts of five patients between the ages of 17 and 25 years. Three patients had bilateral alveolar clefts (BAC) and two patients had unilateral alveolar clefts (UAC).

A practical method of fabricating a lingual retainer.

Retention is a major part of orthodontic treatment, not an optional secondary protocol. In recent years, studies investigating dentofacial changes during and after the growth period have led most clinicians to use fixed retention appliances after treatment. Fixed retainers can be attached to the teeth directly or indirectly.

Effects of fast halogen and plasma arc curing lights on the surface hardness of orthodontic adhesives for lingual retainers.

The aims of this study were to (1) identify the optimum cure times of 2 different lingual retainer adhesives with a conventional halogen, a fast halogen, and a plasma arc light by measuring Vickers surface hardness, and (2) determine whether different lights produce similar surface hardness values for the same adhesive resin material. The investigated plasma arc curing unit was the PowerPac (American Dental Technologies, Corpus Christi, Tex), and the fast halogen unit was the Optilux 501 (Kerr, Orange, Calif). A conventional curing unit, the Ortholux XT (3M Dental Products, St.

Maxillary anterior segmental advancement by using distraction osteogenesis: a case report.

After the first clinical application of distraction osteogenesis (DO) to correct mandibular deformity was reported in 1992, various applications such as maxillary or midface advancement, temporomandibular joint reconstruction, alveolar augmentation, and mandibular widening have been described in the oral and maxillofacial region. Block et al and Altuna et al first examined anterior segmental DO experimentally in the maxilla and reported successful results. After these studies, DO has been used clinically for the total advancement of the maxilla or midface.

Effect of self-etching primers on bond strength--are they reliable?

Currently introduced self-etching primers combine conditioning and priming agents into a single product. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of using three self-etching primers on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets and on the bracket/adhesive failure mode. Brackets were bonded to extracted human teeth according to one of four protocols.