Advances in polysaccharide-based materials for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications: A comprehensive review.

Polysaccharides, the most abundant biopolymers in nature, have attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians due to its practicality in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. These biomaterials have high bioavailability and play structural and functional roles in living organisms. Polysaccharides are classified into several groups based on their origin, including plant polysaccharides and marine polysaccharides (like chitosan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, alginates, etc.

Recent advances in polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy: a comprehensive review.

Cancer has a high rate of incidence and mortality throughout the world. Although several conventional approaches have been developed for the treatment of cancer, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and thermal therapy, they have remarkable disadvantages which result in inefficient treatment of cancer. For example, immunogenicity, prolonged treatment, non-specificity, metastasis and high cost of treatment, are considered as the major drawbacks of chemotherapy.

Unraveling the molecular regulation of biofilm underlying effect of chronic disease medications.

A biofilm is a complex microbial structure that promotes the progression of persistent infections, particularly in nosocomial settings via indwelling medical devices. Conventional antibiotics are often ineffective treatments for biofilms; hence, it is crucial to investigate or design non-antibiotic antibiofilm compounds that can successfully reduce and eradicate biofilm-related infections. This study was an attempt to repurpose chronic disease medications of the antihypertensive and antilipidemic drug classes, including candesartan cilexetil (CC) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), respectively, to be used as antibiofilm agents against the two infectious pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis.

Advanced strategies of targeting circular RNAs as therapeutic approaches in colorectal cancer drug resistance.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands second in terms of mortality and third among the highest prevalent kinds of cancer globally. CRC prevalence is rising in moderately and poorly developed regions and is greater in economically advanced regions. Despite breakthroughs in targeted therapy, resistance to chemotherapeutics remains a significant challenge in the long-term management of CRC.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) as a follow-up method after the focal treatment of renal tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a cost-effective radiation-free diagnostic method that can be used for renal tumor postoperative visualization after ablative treatment.

Objective: To assess CEUS diagnostic accuracy comparing with CT and MRI as a follow-up method in short-term and long-term postoperative periods after renal tumor ablation.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in Scopus and Medline databases using the query "(kidney OR rena* OR RCC) AND (ablation OR RFA OR MWA OR cryo*) AND CEUS".

Working with a robot in hospital and long-term care homes: staff experience.

Although there is a growing literature on the use of telepresence robots in institutional dementia care settings, limited research focused on the perspectives of frontline staff members who deliver dementia care. Our objective was to understand staff perspectives on using telepresence robots to support residents with dementia and their families. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we conducted four focus groups and 11 semi-structured interviews across four long-term care (LTC) homes and one hospital in Canada.

The dynamic face of cadmium-induced Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms, emerging trends, and future directions.

Cadmium (Cd) is a malleable element with odorless, tasteless characteristics that occurs naturally in the earth's crust, underground water, and soil. The most common reasons for the anthropological release of Cd to the environment include industrial metal mining, smelting, battery manufacturing, fertilizer production, and cigarette smoking. Cadmium-containing products may enter the environment as soluble salts, vapor, or particle forms that accumulate in food, soil, water, and air.

CdInSe@chitosan heterojunction nanocomposite with ultrahigh photocatalytic activity under sunlight driven photodegradation of organic pollutants.

This research focused on synthesizing a CdInSe@Ch nanocomposite by doping CdInSe into chitosan using a photolysis assisted ultrasonic process. The aim was to enhance the photodegradation efficiency of ofloxacin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid under sunlight. The synthesized CdInSe@Ch nanocomposite was investigated via different techniques, including XRD, XPS, FTIR, TEM, DSC, TGA, UV-Vis and PL.

Imidacloprid effects on acetylcholinesterase and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Apis mellifera. Experimental and molecular modeling approaches.

Although the neonicotinoid insecticides have good selectivity towards insects rather than vertebrates, they have severe effects on honeybee production and pollination activities. Therefore, the effects of imidacloprid (IMI), the most used neonicotinoid, on the two main bioreceptors, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit (nAChRα1) of honeybees were examined to identify their roles in honeybee toxicity and possible binding sites which assist in selecting and designing neonicotinoids. In vivo, IMI showed a high inhibitory effect on AChE (IC50 5.

Using shock generator for the fuel mixing of the extruded single 4-lobe nozzle at supersonic combustion chamber.

The importance of the fuel injection configuration on the propulsion efficiency of high-speed vehicles is apparent. In this article, the use of an annular extruded 4-lobe nozzle for the injection of fuel jet in a supersonic combustor of a scramjet engine in the existence of a shock generator is examined. The main aim of this study is to obtain the efficient jet arrangement for efficient fuel mixing inside the engine of hypersonic vehicles.

Enhancing the Stability of Strawberry Anthocyanins Complexed to β-Cyclodextrin and Starch toward Heat, Oxidation, and Irradiation.

The instability of anthocyanins limits their application in food supplementation and in the food industry. Stabilities of strawberry anthocyanins (AN) were improved by complexation with both β-CD and starch against heat, HO, light, and UV irradiation. The stability of AN against HO (2.

Effects of the concentration and nature of total dissolved solids in drinking water on feed intake, nutrient digestion, energy balance, methane emission, ruminal fermentation, and blood constituents in different breeds of young goats and hair sheep.

Understanding how different livestock species and breeds respond to consumption of brackish water could improve usage of this resource. Therefore, Angora, Boer, and Spanish goat doelings and Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix ewe lambs (6 animals per animal type [AT]; initial age = 296 ± 2.

A therapeutic antibody targeting annexin-A1 inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

In this study we conducted the first investigation to assess the efficacy of a novel therapeutic antibody developed to target annexin-A1 (ANXA1). ANXA1 is an immunomodulatory protein which has been shown to be overexpressed in, and promote the development and progression of, several cancer types. In particular, high ANXA1 expression levels correlate with poorer overall survival in pancreatic and triple-negative breast cancers, two cancers with considerable unmet clinical need.

Impact of Melatonin as a Premedication Agent in Caesarean Section on Blood Loss and Postoperative Pain Level.

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a serious postdelivery condition with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality for women who undergo childbirth with or without a caesarean section. Melatonin has been suggested to increase the contractility of myometrium and reduce the pain score postoperatively, therefore it is believed that the use of melatonin before surgery may decrease blood loss, reduce pain score, and decrease the need for postoperative opioids.

Objectives: The main objectives of this study are focused on the investigation of melatonin as a premedication agent to reduce blood loss and decrease pain score postoperatively in patients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Involvement of PI3K/HIF-1α/c-MYC/iNOS Pathway in the Anticancer Effect of in Rats.

Forssk. ex JF Gmel. (SV), a traditional known plant, has shown in vitro cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and HepG-2/ADR (doxorubicin-resistant cells) liver cell carcinoma cell lines, as well as hepatoprotection against paracetamol and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury.

Photoactivation of pheophorbide-a utilizing 670 nm LEDs elicits cancer suppressive effects in androgen-independent prostate cancer cellular models.

Objectives: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the USA. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a state-of-the-art treatment that combines high selectivity with minor side effects. Pheophorbide-a (Pheo) is a natural pigment with a photosensitizer property.

Differentiation of Hair Sheep Breeds Based on the Physiological and Blood Biochemical Changes in Response to Different Stressors Using Multivariate Analysis Techniques.

Physiological and blood measurement changes due to high heat load, restricted feed intake, and limited drinking water availability in 135 animals of three hair sheep breeds (Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix) were subjected to multivariate analysis techniques. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the ability of these variables to separate individual hair sheep into groups based on adaptation characteristics in response to three physiological stressors and identify variables with greater discriminatory power.

Photocatalytic behavior for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions via nanocomposites based on GdO/CdS and cellulose acetate nanofibers.

Efficient cleaning of contaminated water by photocatalysis has become an effective strategy in recent years due to its environmental and ecological designation. Cadmium sulfate (CdS) is an excellent photocatalyst in the visible region but has low quantum efficiency. In order to increase the photocatalytic efficiency, CdS was modified with gadolinium oxide (GdO) and combined with graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles.

Association of Toll-like receptor-4 polymorphism with SARS CoV-2 infection in Kurdish Population.

Genetic variations are critical for understanding clinical outcomes of infections including server acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). The immunological reactions of human immune genes with SARS CoV-2 have been under investigation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a group of proteins, are important for microbial detections including bacteria and viruses.

Evaluation of Cisplatin-Induced Acute Renal Failure Amelioration Using Fondaparinux and Alteplase.

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a deleterious condition with increased mortality or healthcare costs or dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease. The study aims to compare prophylaxis with fondaparinux (Fund) vs. treatment with alteplase (Alt) in ameliorating cisplatin (Cis)-induced ARF.

Risk Factors, Incidence, and Outcome of Stroke: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study Comparing Young Adults and Elderly.

A noticeable increase of up to 40% in the incidence of stroke among young population over the past decade has been noted. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of stroke and its subtypes in young adults compared to older population. A retrospective study of patients which included patients with confirmed diagnosis of stroke based on the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) classification between the years 2018 and 2020 was conducted.

Safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus versus vehicle for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in adults and paediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: Atopic dermatitis remains a widespread problem affecting various populations globally. While numerous treatment options have been employed, pimecrolimus remains a potent and viable option. Recently, there has been increasing interest in comparing the safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus with its vehicle.

Telepresence Robots in Long-Term Care Settings in British Columbia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analyzing the Experiences of Residents and Family Members.

Telepresence robots are being increasingly used in long-term care (LTC) homes for virtual visits between families and residents. This study investigated the impacts and experiences of residents and their families using a telepresence robot (Double 3) for 4 to 12 months during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 51 participants were recruited through purposive sampling, including 9 residents, 15 family members, and 27 staff from 4 LTC homes in British Columbia, Canada.