Third sternotomy with modified Bentall/Konno procedure for recurrent multilevel left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a 15-year-old.

This is a 15-year-old, 73.5 kg male who was born with congenital aortic valve stenosis. He underwent a transcatheter balloon aortic valvuloplasty in the neonatal period, followed by an open aortic valvotomy at 2 months of age.

Towards Zero Phrenic Nerve Injury in Reoperative Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: The Value of Intraoperative Phrenic Nerve Stimulation.

Background: Phrenic nerve injury is a devastating complication that results in significant morbidity and mortality. We developed a novel technique to localize the phrenic nerve and evaluate its success.

Methods: Two groups of children underwent repeat sternotomy for a variety of indications.

Cor triatriatum sinister: Long-term surgical outcomes in children and a proposal for a new classification.

Background: Cor Triatriatum Sinister (CTS) is a rare congenital anomaly with an estimated incidence of 0.4%, resulting from abnormal left atrial septation. It may present in isolation or in association with other heart defects.