Publications by authors named "Ali Ghorbani"

Introduction: Gadolinium-based T1-weighted MRI sequence is the gold standard for the detection of active multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. The performance of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models in the classification of active and non-active MS lesions from the T2-weighted MRI images has been investigated in this study.

Methods: 107 Features of 75 active and 100 non-active MS lesions were extracted by using SegmentEditor and Radiomics modules of 3D slicer software.

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The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, commonly known as Batten disease, are a group of lysosomal storage disorders affecting children. There is extensive central nervous system and retinal degeneration, resulting in seizures, vision loss and a progressive cognitive and motor decline. Enzyme replacement and gene therapies are being developed, and mRNA and oligonucleotide therapies are more recently being considered.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Chylopericardium is a rare condition resulting from lymphatic disruption, often arising from trauma or surgeries like coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG); it leads to fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity.
  • - A 62-year-old man developed severe symptoms one week post-CABG, revealing chylous fluid in the pericardial space, which resulted in cardiac tamponade and ultimately led to his death despite aggressive medical interventions.
  • - The case highlights the rarity and complexity of diagnosing post-operative chylopericardium, emphasizing the necessity for prompt recognition and treatment strategies to manage such critical complications.
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Trastuzumab is primarily utilized in the treatment of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of cardiac toxicity associated with trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer patients at Iran Hospital in 2023, as well as the factors influencing this toxicity. In this cross-sectional study, 200 patients diagnosed with HER2-positive breast cancer and receiving trastuzumab were included.

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The clotting system has evolved as an adaptive mechanism to prevent blood loss during vascular damage. However, the intricate nature of the clotting cascade and the complexities of human life can sometimes lead to the unnatural activation of this delicate cascade. This can result in blood clot formation within the cardiovascular system, contributing to a wide range of pathological conditions.

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Widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are believed to be involved in long-term potentiation, essential in regulating and forming memory. This condition primarily occurs in young females because of autoantibodies forming against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-1 (NR1) or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-2 (NR2) subunits of NMDAR in the CNS, ultimately portraying a unique psychoneurological phenomenon. Patients with antibodies against NMDAR present with a combination of neurological and psychiatric signs and symptoms.

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Background: Communication and mutual understanding among healthcare providers is a significant concern within the healthcare system, and enhancing empathy is one way to foster effective communication and mutual understanding. The aim of this research is to evaluate and compare the impact of story reading on the level of empathy in medical students at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

Methods: The study employed an intervention educational design (a quasi-experimental), with a convenience sample of 51 medical students selected as the statistical population.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study aimed to compare the outcomes of surgical versus conservative treatments for acute Achilles tendon ruptures, focusing on complications, functional outcomes, and clinical results after at least one year of follow-up.
  • Researchers conducted a retrospective analysis involving 405 patients treated in France between 2018 and 2019, gathering data on demographics, treatment methods, rehabilitation, and various clinical tests.
  • The results showed that while rerupture rates were similar between both groups, conservative treatment had a higher overall complication rate, while certain functional outcomes favored surgical treatment.
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Poor dentition as a source of infection causing bacteremia and spinal infections (such as paraspinal abscess, and discitis) should be considered even in the absence of recent dental surgery. The case presents a patient found to have an infection in the cervical and thoracic spine, methicillin-resistant  bacteremia, and poor dentition. Although the patient had a history of drug use, he denied a history of intravenous drug use.

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Named after the Japanese octopus trap, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an acute myocardial condition characterized by a reversible ventricular dysfunction with ballooning of the left ventricle (LV) during systole. A catecholamine surge is likely the primary mechanism responsible for myocardial damage in this condition. The association between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy has not been well established.

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Background: Neonatal resuscitation training in a simulated delivery room environment is a new paradigm in pediatric medical education. The purpose of this research is to highlight team-based simulation as an effective method of teaching neonatal resuscitation to senior pediatric residents.

Methods: In an intervention educational study, we evaluated the impact of team-based simulation training in the development of neonatal resuscitation.

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Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) concept plays a pivotal role in society and brings new capabilities to different industries. The number of IoT solutions in areas such as transportation and healthcare is increasing and new services are under development. In the last decade, society has experienced a drastic increase in IoT connections.

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Despite the potential deep learning (DL) algorithms have shown, their lack of transparency hinders their widespread application. Extracting if-then rules from deep neural networks is a powerful explanation method to capture nonlinear local behaviors. However, existing rule extraction methods suffer from inefficiency, incomprehensibility, infidelity, and not scaling well.

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Cement-grouted injections are increasingly employed as a countermeasure material against liquefaction in active seismic areas; however, there is no methodology to thoroughly and directly evaluate the liquefaction potential of saturated sand materials reinforced by the cement grout-injected micropiles. To this end, first, a series of 1 g shaking table model tests are conducted. Time histories of pore water pressures, excess pore water pressure ratios (r), and the number of required cycles (N) to liquefy the soil are obtained and modified lower and upper boundaries are suggested for the potential of liquefaction of both pure and grout-reinforced sand.

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Background: Students of medical sciences are a highly vulnerable group during COVID-19 pandemic who may experience a wide range of challenges and stresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived challenges caused by COVID-19 outbreak in students of medical sciences.

Materials And Methods: A qualitative study was carried out based on conventional qualitative content analysis following Graneheim and Lundman from December 2020 to February 2021.

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Introduction: Spondyloarthropathies are a group of chronic inflammatory diseases with specific clinical symptoms in rheumatic diseases. These patients suffer from pain in the joints. Physicians have tried several ways to decrease the pain in these patients.

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Introduction: Bleeding events are the most common complications after kidney biopsy. This study aims to evaluate the effect of desmopressin administration on bleeding complication, in native kidney biopsy candidates with reduced kidney function.

Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial enrolled 18 to 80 years old patients with 15 < eGFR < 90 mL/min/ 1.

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Background And Purpose: Clinical supervision supports learners and paves the way for effective and efficient learning in clinical settings. This study aimed to explain the responsibilities of clinical supervisors in clinical education wards to improve the professional skills of medical students.

Materials And Methods: In this qualitative study, we used the conventional content analysis approach.

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Undoubtedly, economic and social value added depends on the functions of universities. Moving toward third-generation universities (3rd GU) is an inevitable process. These universities need different functions than traditional ones; therefore, identifying and determining their functions is essential.

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Objectives: Normal hearing system is an essential factor for accurate production of speech segments. It seems that cochlear implant prosthesis helps children with hearing impairment to speak more accurately than before receiving prosthesis. The current research aimed to compare the vowel duration in school-aged children with cochlear implants and that in children with normal hearing.

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In the current centralized IoT ecosystems, all financial transactions are routed through IoT platform providers. The security and privacy issues are inevitable with an untrusted or compromised IoT platform provider. To address these issues, we propose Hy-Bridge, a hybrid blockchain-based billing and charging framework.

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Introduction: Given the social, economic, environmental and internal developments of universities, the necessity for medical universities to move to being third-generation universities has been demonstrated. These universities, along with the requirements of entrepreneurship and commercialization of research, are in need of structural requirements. This study was conducted with the aim to identify and introduce the structural requirements of medical sciences universities in Iran in the transition to the third-generation universities.

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Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a frequent complication of contrast exposure. A recent study suggested that Na/K citrate might have a preventive role. We investigated the efficacy of Na/K citrate to prevent CIN in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing coronary intervention.

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Objectives: There is a large variation in the function of cochlear implanted children in language assessments. However, they usually have poorer performance in language abilities compared with their normal hearing peers. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between syntax comprehension and reading comprehension in cochlear implanted and hearing children in the third to fifth grades of the elementary school and to identify the relationship between their reading comprehension and the age of receiving a cochlear implant as well as the duration of receiving speech therapy in cochlear implanted children.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum level and the severity and activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 RA patients referred to the rheumatology clinic, the patients were diagnosed by rheumatologists according to ACR / EULAR 2010 criteria. Based on DAS28 score the patients were divided into 4 groups: Remission, Mild, Moderate and Severe.

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