Deep learning-based techniques for estimating high-quality full-dose positron emission tomography images from low-dose scans: a systematic review.

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the potential of deep learning algorithms for converting low-dose Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images to full-dose PET images in different body regions. A total of 55 articles published between 2017 and 2023 by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and IEEE databases were included in this review, which utilized various deep learning models, such as generative adversarial networks and UNET, to synthesize high-quality PET images. The studies involved different datasets, image preprocessing techniques, input data types, and loss functions.

Prediction of the Fatal Acute Complications of Myocardial Infarction via Machine Learning Algorithms.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of death, particularly during the first year. The avoidance of potentially fatal outcomes requires expeditious preventative steps. Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence science that detects the underlying patterns of available big data for modeling them.

Alteration in body water compartments following intermittent fasting in Ramadan.

Concerning the health outcomes of intermittent fasting in Ramadan, loss of fat-free mass (FFM) and changes in the content of body water are of paramount importance. In this study, we aimed to assess the concomitant alterations in body water compartment and composition following Ramadan fasting in healthy individuals. We conducted an open-label cohort with longitudinal follow-up, involving 73 healthy medical staff who planned to fast for at least 20 consecutive days during Ramadan.

Generation ofF-FDG PET standard scan images from short scans using cycle-consistent generative adversarial network.

To improve positron emission tomography (PET) image quality, we aim to generate images of quality comparable to standard scan duration images using short scan duration (1/8 and 1/16 standard scan duration) inputs and assess the generated standard scan duration images quantitative and qualitatively. Also, the effect of training dataset properties (i.e.

COVID-19 diagnosis from routine blood tests using artificial intelligence techniques.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a unique worldwide pandemic. With new mutations of the virus with higher transmission rates, it is imperative to diagnose positive cases as quickly and accurately as possible. Therefore, a fast, accurate, and automatic system for COVID-19 diagnosis can be very useful for clinicians.

Comparing the Effect of Immediate versus Delayed Initiation of Tacrolimus on Delayed Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Randomized Open-label Clinical Trial.

Objective: Delayed graft function (DGF) is an early complication after kidney transplantation with negative impact on allograft outcomes. This study assessed the effect of delayed initiation of tacrolimus as a nephrotoxic drug, on DGF occurrence and allograft function.

Methods: This randomized, open-label clinical trial was conducted on kidney transplant recipients with the age of at least 14 years who underwent the first kidney transplantation from deceased or living donor.

Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A report from Iranian population.

Background: Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (iMN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Approximately one third of patients with iMN progress to end-stage renal disease. Anti-phospholipase A2-receptor (anti-PLA2R) antibodies are present in patients with iMN and appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of iMN.

Incidence of malignancy after living kidney transplantation: a multicenter study from iran.

Malignancy is a common complication after renal transplantation. However, limited data are available on post-transplant malignancy in living kidney transplantation. Therefore, we made a plan to evaluate the incidence and types of malignancies, association with the main risk factors and patient survival in a large population of living kidney transplantation.

Prediction of long-term kidney failure in renal transplant with chronic allograft dysfunction using stage-specific hazard rates.

Objectives: The process of kidney failure in renal transplant recipients with chronic allograft dysfunction is characterized by a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate over time that it is determined by the 5-stage model. This study used stage-based statistical survival analysis to predict graft survival in renal transplant recipients with chronic allograft dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: In a single-center, retrospective study, 214 renal transplant recipients with chronic allograft dysfunction were investigated at a university hospital in Iran from 1997 to 2005.

Co-administration of albumin-furosemide in patients with the nephrotic syndrome.

Generalized edema is one of the most important complications in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Diuretics like furosemide are the first choice for reducing the edema. Hypo-albuminemia reduces the effect of furosemide, and thus, this drug is co-administered with albumin to reinforce the therapeutic effect and for the correction of reduced oncotic pressure.

Risk factors of long-term graft loss in renal transplant recipients with chronic allograft dysfunction.

Objectives: Graft loss owing to chronic allograft dysfunction is a major concern in renal transplant recipients. We assessed the affect of immune and nonimmune risk factors on death-censored graft loss in renal transplant recipients with chronic allograft dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective, single-center study on 214 renal transplant recipients with chronic allograft dysfunction among 1534 renal transplant recipients at the Urmia University Hospital from 1997 to 2005.

Skin cancer after renal transplantation: Results of a multicenter study in Iran.

Background: Incidence and risk factors for skin tumors following renal transplantation can vary geographically; therefore, a retrospective study was performed to determine the incidence of and potential risk factors for skin cancer at 14 Transplant Centers in Iran between 1984 and 2008.

Material/methods: We enrolled 11,255 kidney transplant recipients who were examined for all skin tumors. All skin cancers were established by histological examination.

Screening for asymptomatic kidney disease in high-risk population of Urmia, Iran.

INTRODUCTION. Screening programs for chronic kidney disease (CKD) are deemed to be cost effective only when they are limited to high-risk groups. We screened a sample of high-risk population of Urima, Iran.

Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus; frequency and related risk factors: a single center study.

Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a serious complication after organ transplantation, which could lead to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The rate of PTDM increased in recent years, probably due to new immunosuppressive drugs such as Tacrolimus. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the frequency of PTDM and related risk factors in 644 non diabetic patients who underwent renal transplantation.

Long-term progression pattern of chronic allograft dysfunction among kidney transplant recipients.

Introduction: There is little data about the pattern of disease progression in kidney transplant recipients with chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD). Extrapolating the current classification of chronic kidney disease for CAD, we studied the pattern of progression of CAD in 5 stages among our kidney transplant recipients.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study on 214 kidney transplant recipients with CAD.

Effect of an educational program on awareness about peritoneal dialysis among patients on hemodialysis.

Several years after the initial usage of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), the percentage of patients using this continues to be very low constituting about 15% of all patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this study, we attempt to define the impact of an educational program for improving the use of CAPD. This is a quasi-experimental study (before-after) conducted with educational materials including workshop, teaching by booklet and showing educational films, performed in Urmia, Iran.

Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus-2 in kidney transplant recipients: a single-center experience.

Introduction: Viral infections are a real threat in kidney transplant recipients because of their immunocompromised condition. This study aimed to evaluate herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) seropositivity among kidney transplant recipients.

Materials And Methods: Serum samples of 91 kidney transplant recipients from Urmia, Iran, were examined serologically for antibodies against HSV-2 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Frequency of occurrence of vesico-ureteral reflux in kidney transplanted patients with the new technique of uretero-neo- cystostomy (Barry-Taguchi).

There are several ways of performing vesico-ureteral anastomosis in kidney trans-plantation (Tx); they are broadly classified into two categories: extra-vesical and intra-vesical. Extra-vesical methods are preferred in kidney transplantation. In this study, we attempt to integrate two extra-vesical techniques of Barry and Taguchi and to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) with this technique.

Gingival enlargement and its risk factors in kidney transplant patients receiving cyclosporine A.

Introduction: Gingival enlargement is one of the most cumbersome complications of cyclosporine A. It affects patient's life style by impairing the appearance and function of masticatory tract. This study was conducted on a sample of Iranian kidney transplant recipients to determine the frequency and risk factors of cyclosporine-induced gingival enlargement.

Noninvasive determination of anaerobic threshold by monitoring the %SpO2 changes and respiratory gas exchange.

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of noninvasive anaerobic threshold (AT) estimation using %SpO2 (arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation) changes and respiratory gas exchanges. Fifteen active, healthy males performed 2 graded exercise tests on a motor-driven treadmill in 2 separated sessions. Respiratory gas exchanges and heart rate (HR), lactate concentration, and %SpO2 were measured continuously throughout the test.

Cystic changes of breast in a family with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is associated with cysts in many organs including the liver, pancreas, lungs, spleen, ovaries, testes, thyroid, and uterus. However, there is no report, to our knowledge, of cystic changes of the breast along with this disease. We describe 3 members of a family with multiple bilateral breast cysts in association with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Effect of active vitamin D on expression of co-stimulatory molecules and HLA-DR in renal transplant recipients.

Objectives: Full activation of T cells requires 2 distinct but synergistic signals. The first is the T-cell antigen receptor, which is antigen specific, and the second is activation of co-stimulatory signals. Active vitamin D (1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) decreases T-cell activation and proliferation, inhibits differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells, and induces tolerogenic dendritic cells.

Glutathione, glutathione-related enzymes, and total antioxidant capacity in patients on maintenance dialysis.

Introduction: Oxidative stress due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species and impairment in antioxidant defense mechanisms have been suggested as possible factors contributing to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in patients with end-stage renal disease. We compared glutathione levels, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities, and total antioxidant capacity between patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis and healthy individuals.

Materials And Methods: Thirty patients receiving regular hemodialysis and 12 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis were recruited as well as 25 healthy volunteers.

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders in kidney transplant recipients: an Iranian multicenter experience.

Introduction: Limited data with adequate sample size exist on the development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in living donor kidney recipients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on the data of 10 transplant centers to identify the incidence of PTLD in Iran.

Materials And Methods: Data of 9917 kidney transplant recipients who received their kidneys between 1984 and 2008 were reviewed.

Kaposi's sarcoma following living donor kidney transplantation: review of 7,939 recipients.

Introduction: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is one of the most common tumors to occur in kidney recipients, especially in the Middle East countries. Limited data with adequate sample size exist about the development of KS in living kidney recipients.

Methods: Therefore, we made a plan for a multicenter study, accounting for up to 36% (n = 7,939) of all kidney transplantation in Iran, to determine the incidence of KS after kidney transplantation between 1984 and 2007.