Brain Image Segmentation in Recent Years: A Narrative Review.

Brain image segmentation is one of the most time-consuming and challenging procedures in a clinical environment. Recently, a drastic increase in the number of brain disorders has been noted. This has indirectly led to an increased demand for automated brain segmentation solutions to assist medical experts in early diagnosis and treatment interventions.

Concordance studies between hospital discharge data and medical records for the recording of lower extremity amputation and diabetes in the Republic of Ireland.

Background: Hospital discharge data have been used to study trends in Lower Extremity Amputation (LEA) rates in people with and without diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of routine hospital discharge data in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) for this purpose by determining the level of agreement between hospital discharge data and medical records for both the occurrence of LEA and diagnosis of diabetes.

Methods: Two concordance studies between hospital discharge data (HIPE) and medical records were performed.

Impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) infection on patient outcome after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD)--a cause for concern?

Objectives: This study evaluated the impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) hospital-acquired infection on postoperative complications and patient outcome after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).

Methods: Seventy-nine patients who underwent PD were monitored for hospital-acquired MRSA. The patients were grouped as (1) no MRSA infection, (2) skin colonization with MRSA, and (3) systemic MRSA infection.

Late post pancreatectomy haemorrhage. Risk factors and modern management.

Context: Current management of late post-pancreatectomy haemorrhage in a university hospital.

Objective: Haemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy is a serious complication. We report on risk factors and outcome following management by radiological intervention.

Cervical spine abnormalities associated with Down syndrome.

Atlantoaxial instability (AAI) affects 10-20% of individuals with Down syndrome (DS). The condition is mostly asymptomatic and diagnosed on radiography by an enlarged anterior atlanto-odontoid distance. Symptomatic AAI, which affects 1-2% of individuals with DS, manifests with spinal cord compression.

Chronic perforation of the sigmoid colon by foreign body.

Colorectal foreign bodies (FBs) may be ingested or introduced transanally and then migrate proximally. Without a reliable history, it may be impossible to determine which way a certain colorectal FB gained access. We present a case of a nonverbal mentally retarded boy with a flat piece of plastic impacted in the sigmoid colon, the colonoscopic extraction of which failed.

Loss of seizure control due to anticonvulsant-induced hypocalcemia.

Objective: To report a case of loss of seizure control due to hypocalcemia resulting from long-term treatment with phenytoin and phenobarbital.

Case Summary: A 32-year-old mentally retarded man presented with a 12-month history of loss of seizure control, after being seizure-free for 5 years on a fixed regimen of phenobarbital and phenytoin. He had been institutionalized at the age of 10 years and had received anticonvulsant drugs since he was diagnosed with tonic-clonic epilepsy 20 years ago.

Thyroid function in Kuwaiti subjects with Down's syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the thyroid function of individuals with Down's syndrome (DS).

Methods: Thyroid function and antithyroid antibodies were measured in 58 Kuwaitis with DS who resided at a residential facility or attended rehabilitation centers.

Results: Twenty-six subjects (45%) were euthyroid and 32 (55%) had thyroid dysfunction.