Centaurea behen leaf extract mediated green synthesized silver nanoparticles as antibacterial and removing agent of environmental pollutants with blood compatible and hemostatic effects.

The present study focused on evaluating the antibacterial properties, radical scavenging, and photocatalytic activities of Centaurea behen-mediated silver nanoparticles (Cb-AgNPs). The formation of Cb-AgNPs was approved by UV-Vis spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the obtained AgNPs have a maximum absorbance peak at 450 nm with spherical morphology and an average size of 13.

Molecular and physiological changes in the SpaceX Inspiration4 civilian crew.

Human spaceflight has historically been managed by government agencies, such as in the NASA Twins Study, but new commercial spaceflight opportunities have opened spaceflight to a broader population. In 2021, the SpaceX Inspiration4 mission launched the first all-civilian crew to low Earth orbit, which included the youngest American astronaut (aged 29), new in-flight experimental technologies (handheld ultrasound imaging, smartwatch wearables and immune profiling), ocular alignment measurements and new protocols for in-depth, multi-omic molecular and cellular profiling. Here we report the primary findings from the 3-day spaceflight mission, which induced a broad range of physiological and stress responses, neurovestibular changes indexed by ocular misalignment, and altered neurocognitive functioning, some of which match those of long-term spaceflight, but almost all of which did not differ from baseline (pre-flight) after return to Earth.

Electrospun sandwich-structured of polycaprolactone/gelatin-based nanofibers with controlled release of ceftazidime for wound dressing.

In the present work, sandwich-like polycaprolactone/gelatin/polycaprolactone electrospun multilayered mats were implemented to control the release of ceftazidime (CTZ). The outer layers were made from polycaprolactone nanofibers (NFs), and CTZ-loaded gelatin provided an internal layer. The release profile of CTZ from mats was compared with monolayer gelatin mats and chemically cross-linked GEL mats.

Recent advances in electrochemical strategies for bacteria detection.

Bacterial infections have always been a major threat to public health and humans' life, and fast detection of bacteria in various samples is significant to provide early and effective treatments. Cell-culture protocols, as well-established methods, involve labor-intensive and complicated preparation steps. For overcoming this drawback, electrochemical methods may provide promising alternative tools for fast and reliable detection of bacterial infections.

The role of quercetin in the formation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles for nanomedical applications.

The current work aimed to synthesize and characterize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs) using quercetin (QE) and evaluate their biological activities, i.e., anti-hemolytic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity effects.

Point-of-care vertical flow immunoassay system for ultra-sensitive multiplex biothreat-agent detection in biological fluids.

This paper presents simple, fast, and sensitive detection of multiple biothreat agents by paper-based vertical flow colorimetric sandwich immunoassay for detection of Yersinia pestis (LcrV and F1) and Francisella tularensis (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) antigens using a vertical flow immunoassay (VFI) prototype with portable syringe pump and a new membrane holder. The capture antibody (cAb) printing onto nitrocellulose membrane and gold-labelled detection antibody (dAb) were optimized to enhance the assay sensitivity and specificity. Even though the paper pore size was relaxed from previous 0.

Optimization of Quercetin-Assisted Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Hemocompatibility, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antibacterial effects.

In the present study, different effective parameters (temperature, reaction time, and pH) on the synthesis of quercetin-assisted silver nanoparticles (QE-AgNPs) are optimized. These biogenic NPs are characterized by different physico-chemical analyses, including transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. In addition, the biological properties of QE-AgNPs are evaluated through antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hemolysis, and coagulation time assays.

COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates within Medical Specialists and General Practitioners and Its Comparison with the General Population: A Longitudinal Nationwide Study.

Background: We aimed to provide data regarding COVID-19 infection and mortality rates within different specialties of physicians and general medical practitioners in a longitudinal nationwide study and to compare the results with general population.

Methods: Data on COVID-19 infection and mortality of medical physicians in Iran was actively gathered through the Iranian Medical Council (IRIMC). Population COVID-19 cumulative incidence and mortality data were extracted from WHO situation analysis reports and data on Iranian population were obtained from the Statistical Center of Iran.

Surface modification of neurotrophin-3 loaded PCL/chitosan nanofiber/net by alginate hydrogel microlayer for enhanced biocompatibility in neural tissue engineering.

This study prepared a novel three-dimensional nanocomposite scaffold by the surface modification of PCL/chitosan nanofiber/net with alginate hydrogel microlayer, hoping to have the privilege of both nanofibers and hydrogels simultaneously. Bead free randomly oriented nanofiber/net (NFN) structure composed of chitosan and polycaprolactone (PCL) was fabricated by electrospinning method. The low surface roughness, good hydrophilicity, and high porosity were obtained from the NFN structure.

Survival and Proliferation under Severely Hypoxic Microenvironments Using Cell-Laden Oxygenating Hydrogels.

Different strategies have been employed to provide adequate nutrients for engineered living tissues. These have mainly revolved around providing oxygen to alleviate the effects of chronic hypoxia or anoxia that result in necrosis or weak neovascularization, leading to failure of artificial tissue implants and hence poor clinical outcome. While different biomaterials have been used as oxygen generators for in vitro as well as in vivo applications, certain problems have hampered their wide application.

Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization and Anti-Fungal Evaluation of Amphotericin B-Loaded PLGA-PEG-Galactosamine Nanoparticles.

The present study aimed to formulate PLGA and PLGA-PEG-galactosamine nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with amphotericin B with appropriate physicochemical properties and antifungal activity. PLGA was functionalized with GalN to increase the adhesion and antifungal activity of NPs against . The physicochemical properties of NPs were characterized by particle size determination, zeta potential, drug crystallinity, loading efficiency, dissolution studies, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR).

Antimicrobial laser-activated sealants for combating surgical site infections.

Surgical-site infections (SSIs) occur in 2-5% of patients undergoing surgery in the US alone, impacting 300 000-500 000 lives each year, and presenting up to 11 times greater risk of death compared to patients without SSIs. The most common cause of SSI is Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is the most common pathogen in community hospitals.

Characterization and optimization of de-esterified Tragacanth-chitosan nanocomposite as a potential carrier for oral delivery of insulin: In vitro and ex vivo studies.

Oral administration of insulin is one of the most challenging topics within this area, because insulin is degraded in stomach before it enters the bloodstream. In this study, for the first time, a nano-carrier for controlled and targeted oral delivery of insulin was developed using de-esterified Tragacanth and chitosan. The fabricated nanoparticles were synthesized using coacervation technique and their properties were optimized using response surface methodology.

A Simple Method for Developing a Hand-Drawn Paper-Based Sensor for Mercury; Using Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Smartphone as a Hand-Held-Device for Colorimetric Assay.

Mercury ions are highly toxic at trace levels, and its pollution has posed a significant threat to the environment and public health, where current detection methods mainly require laborious operation and expensive instrumentation. Herein, a simple, cost-effective, instrument-free approach for selective detection of Hg based on a hand-drawn paper-based naked-eye colorimetric device is developed. To develop a hand-drawn paper-based device, a crayon is used to build hydrophobic barriers and a paper puncher is applied to obtain patterns as a sensing zone.

Biological and Catalytic Activities of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from the Leaf Infusion of Boiss.

The discovery and development of active compounds to eliminate drug resistance and side effects is a crucial process. In this study, the leaf infusion of Boiss as a novel green alternative is used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Drac-AgNPs). Antibacterial, cytotoxicity effects, hemocompatibility, and the catalytic properties of these nanoparticles are evaluated.

Molecular Insights into the Loading and Dynamics of Doxorubicin on PEGylated Graphene Oxide Nanocarriers.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to investigate the loading and dynamics of doxorubicin (DOX) anticancer drug on graphene oxide (GO) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) decorated GO (PEGGO) nanocarriers in an aqueous environment at human body temperature (310 K) and physiological pH level of 7.4. Mechanisms of DOX adsorption on PEGGO as a function of PEG chain length were revealed.

Doxorubicin Stability and Retention on PEGylated Graphene Oxide Nanocarriers Adjacent to Human Serum Albumin.

Drug stability and retention on nanocarriers is essential for maximizing the drug targeting and therapeutic efficiency. PEGylation of graphene oxide (GO) as a drug nanocarrier is widely known to prolong its circulation time in the body, thereby increasing the probability of drug delivery system interactions with the proteins in the blood stream. Herein, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to investigate the interactions between doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded GO and PEGylated GO (PEGGO) nanocarriers with human serum albumin (HSA), a prevalent human blood protein and among the first to be adsorbed on the DOX-loaded nanocarriers.

A new strategy for the green synthesis of chondroitin sulfate-reduced gold nanoparticles; evaluation of synthesized nanoparticles.

The application of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in medicine is expanding as an effective therapeutic and diagnostic compound. Different polysaccharides with high biocompatibility and hydrophilic properties have been used for synthesis and capping of GNPs. Chondroitin sulfate (CHS) as a polysaccharide possesses a wide range of biological functions e.

Electrochemical analysis of anionic analytes in weakly supported media using electron transfer promotion effect: a case study on nitrite.

In this study, a simple technique was developed for the electrochemical detection of anionic analytes in weakly supported media. This was conducted by the use of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs). A sensing platform was modified with nereistoxin and used to determine nitrite as a case study.

Interactions of insulin with tragacanthic acid biopolymer: Experimental and computational study.

Alternative methods for insulin delivery instead of subcutaneous injection in diabetic patients is of great essential, and biocompatible polymers are one of the most efficient vehicles for this purpose. This research aims to investigate the capability of tragacanthic acid (TA) to bind insulin and release it under physiological conditions without alteration in the structure and conformation of insulin. Interactions between TA and insulin were studied using spectroscopic techniques and computational modeling by docking and molecular dynamics simulations.

Antidiabetic Potential of Roots: In Vitro Pancreatic Beta Cell Protection, Enhancement of Glucose Consumption, and Bioassay-Guided Fractionation.

By using the streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced cytotoxicity in -TC3 cells as an assay model, a bioassay-guided fractionation study was employed to isolate and characterize the potential antidiabetic principles of roots of A combination of open column chromatography on reverse-phase silica gel using a water-ethanol gradient (10 : 90 to 100 : 0) followed by HPLC-based fractionation led to an active compound that appears to be composed of carbohydrate/sugar. When cell viability under STZ was reduced to 49.8 ± 4% (mean ± SD), treatment with the active compound at the concentration of 0.

All-Trans Retinoic Acid Grafted Poly Beta-Amino Ester Nanoparticles: A Novel Anti-angiogenic Drug Delivery System.

Developing chemotherapy with nanoplatforms offers a promising strategy for effective cancer treatment. In the present study, we propose a novel all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) grafted poly beta-amino ester (PBAE) copolymer for preparing nanoparticles (NPs). ATRA grafted PBAE (ATRA-g-PBAE) copolymer was synthesized by grafting ATRA to PBAE; it was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and thermogravimetric analysis.

One-step Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Isoimperatorin: Evaluation of Photocatalytic, and Electrochemical Activities.

In the current study, isoimperatorin, a natural furanocoumarin, is used as a reducing reagent to synthesize isoimperatorin mediated silver nanoparticles (Iso-AgNPs), and photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activities of Iso-AgNPs are evaluated. Iso-AgNPs consisted of spherically shaped particles with a size range of 79-200 nm and showed catalytic activity for the degradation (in high yields) of New Fuchsine (NF), Methylene Blue (MB), Erythrosine B (ER) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) under sunlight irradiation. Based on obtained results, Iso-AgNPs exhibited 96.

Preparation and Characterization of Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles as a Potential Drug Delivery System for 5-Fluorouracil.

The aim of this study is to prepare 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNPs) and to achieve a controlled release delivery system with the high loading capacity. SFNPs with 1:1, 1:3, and 1:10 ratios of 5-FU to silk fibroin were prepared. SFNPs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Microfluidic-assisted preparation of PLGA nanoparticles for drug delivery purposes: experimental study and computational fluid dynamic simulation.

This study, for the first time, tries to provide a simultaneous experimental and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation investigation for production of uniform, reproducible, and stable polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles. CFD simulation was carried out to observe fluid flow behavior and micromixing in microfluidic system and improve our understanding about the governing fluid profile. The major objective of such effort was to provide a carrier for controlled and sustained release profile of different drugs.