Temporary immersion systems (TISs): A comprehensive review.

The temporary immersion systems (TISs) have been widely used in plant biotechnology. TISs have different advantages from the point of micropropagation and production of secondary metabolites over other continuous liquid-phase bioreactors. The current work presents the structure, operation mode, configuration type, and micropropagation or secondary metabolite production in TISs.

Design of nutrient gas-phase bioreactors: a critical comprehensive review.

To reach an efficient and economical gas-phase bioreactor is still one of the most critical challenges in biotechnology engineering. The numerous advantages of gas-phase bioreactors (GPBs) as well as disadvantages of these bioreactors should be exactly recognized, and efforts should be made to eliminate these defects. The first step in upgrading these bioreactors is to identify their types and the results of previous research.

Performance evaluation of ultrasonic transducer in a mist bioreactor by different nutrient media.

The mist bioreactor has been proved to have a higher performance relative to the liquid phase reactor. The water and conventional media (MS, ½MS, and B5) were tested in a mist bioreactor to evaluate the performance of the misting system. The physicochemical properties of liquids were measured at 0 (Fresh state) and when treated by ultrasonic system for 1 and 2 h.

Ohmic Heating of Lemon and Grapefruit Juices Under Vacuum Pressure- Comparison of Electrical Conductivity and Heating Rate.

Ohmic heating fundamentally depends on electrical conductivity. In this study, grapefruit and lemon juices were ohmically heated under vacuum conditions. The electrical conductivity was measured at voltage gradients (10, 20, and 30 V/cm) and vacuum pressure (0 [atmospheric pressure], -30, and -60 kPa) for four temperature ranges (30, 40, 50, and 60 °C), meanwhile the heating rate was also reported at the same level of pressure and voltage gradient.

Quality preservation of orange concentrate by using hybrid ohmic - Vacuum heating.

The effect of ohmic-vacuum heating conditions (OHVC) was evaluated on quality parameters during concentration process of orange juice and compared with ohmic heating process under atmospheric conditions (OHAC) and conventional vacuum heating (CVH). The decline of vitamin C in OHVC treatments (10-29.2%) was lower than the OHAC (18.

An artificial intelligence approach for modeling volume and fresh weight of callus - A case study of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.).

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum Linn.) is valued for its aroma and its medicinal and therapeutic properties. A supervised feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) trained with back propagation algorithms, was applied to predict fresh weight and volume of Cuminum cyminum L.

Ohmic pre-drying of tomato paste.

In this study, the effects of ohmic pre-drying technique on moisture ratio, drying rate, drying time, specific energy consumption, drying efficiency, and effective moisture diffusivity of tomato paste were investigated. Pre-drying experiments were carried out in an ohmic laboratory dryer at voltage gradient levels of 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 V/cm and oven at 105  and 1.0 m/s air velocity (control sample).