T2-weighted spoiled gradient echo MRI for forensic age estimation: a study on knee growth plates.

The timing of growth plate fusion is a key indicator for age estimation and is primarily used in forensic investigations. On the other hand, non-ionizing techniques such as MRI are being developed to provide safer and more ethical evaluations in forensic casework. This study aims to evaluate the closure process of growth plates in the distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyses using Multiple Echo Recombined Gradient Echo (MERGE) MRI sequences and provide age estimation data based on staging methods for forensic purposes.

Application of Vieth staging in forensic age estimation in the living using MRI of the distal radial epiphysis.

Forensic age estimation is crucial in various legal and civil contexts, particularly in regions experiencing significant migration and inadequate birth registration systems. This study evaluates the applicability of the Vieth staging system for forensic age estimation in the living using MRI of the distal radial epiphysis. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 620 left wrist MRI scans from individuals aged 9.

Anatomical variants of the medial synovial fold of the posterior cruciate ligament: morphological classification based on magnetic resonance imaging of the knee.

Purpose: The medial synovial fold of the posterior cruciate ligament is one of the synovial plicae of the knee joint. The objective of this study was to assess the necessity of reporting the appearance of the medial synovial fold of the posterior cruciate ligament on magnetic resonance imaging of the knee joint and its correlation with side and sex.

Methods: Patients with normal knee structure on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans between 2018 and 2023 were included in this retrospective study.

The role of efflux pump inhibitor in enhancing antimicrobial efficiency of Ag NPs and MB as an effective photodynamic therapy agent.

Efflux pumps are active transporters, which allow the cell to remove toxic substances from within the cell including antibiotics and photosensitizer complexes. Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), chemicals that prevent the passage of molecules through efflux pumps, play a crucial role in antimicrobial effectiveness against pathogen. In this work, we studied the effect of EPI, namely, reserpine, on photodeactivation rate of pathogens when used with Ag NPs and methylene blue (MB).

Deprotonation of phenol linked to a silicon dioxide surface using adaptive feedback laser control with a heterodyne detected sum frequency generation signal.

The development of laser-controlled surface reactions has been limited by the lack of decisive methods for detecting evolving changes in surface chemistry. In this work, we demonstrate successful laser control of a surface reaction by combining the adaptive feedback control (AFC) technique with surface sensitive spectroscopy to determine the optimally shaped laser pulse. Specifically, we demonstrate laser induced deprotonation of the hydroxyl group of phenol bound to a silicon dioxide substrate.

Evaluation of silver nanoparticles attached to methylene blue as an antimicrobial agent and its cytotoxicity.

Antibiotic resistance is a great public health challenge of our time. In this work, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using pulsed liquid ablation in different medium of growth and later combined with methylene blue (MB) to evaluate its potential as an effective photodynamic therapy agent. Ag NPs were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation technique in Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), citrate, and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).

Exploring the Functionality of Mesh-to-Mesh Value Comparison in Pair-Matching and Its Application to Fragmentary Remains.

Many cases encountered by forensic anthropologists involve commingled remains or isolated elements. Common methods for analysing these contexts are characterised by limitations such as high degrees of subjectivity, high cost of application, or low proven accuracy. This study sought to test mesh-to-mesh value comparison (MCV), a relatively new method for pair-matching skeletal elements, to validate the claims that the technique is unaffected by age, sex and pathology.

Differentiation of brain metastases originating from lung and breast cancers using apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis and the relation of histogram parameters with Ki-67.

Purpose: A fast, reliable and non-invasive method is required in differentiating brain metastases (BMs) originating from lung cancer (LC) and breast cancer (BC). The aims of this study were to assess the role of histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in differentiating BMs originated from LC and BC, and then to investigate further the association of ADC histogram parameters with Ki-67 index in BMs.

Methods: A total of 55 patients (LC,  = 40; BC,  = 15) with BMs histopathologically confirmed were enrolled in the study.

Posterior Tibial Slope and a New Morphometric Method With Multiplanar Reconstruction Technique in a Turkish Sample.

Aim: The posterior tibial slope (PTS) is important in planning many orthopedic procedures. The aim of the study is to outline a PTS measurement method using multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) in knee computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods: MPR reconstruction was performed on pre-captured CT angio images of 124 patients.

Ultrasonographic assessment of ossification of the distal radial epiphysis for estimating forensic age.

Since forensic age estimation is not a valid medical indication, research on the use of nonionizing methods is increasing. Ultrasonography is a radiological approach that protects patients from radiation exposure and offers special convenience to them. In this study, ultrasonography was used for age estimation by investigating the degree of ossification of the distal radial epiphysis.

Forensic age estimation based on fast spin-echo proton density (FSE PD)-weighted MRI of the distal radial epiphysis.

Radiation exposure is a crucial factor to consider in forensic age estimation. The various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities used in forensic age estimation avoid radiation exposure. This study examined the reliability of distal radius ossification using fast spin-echo proton density (FSE PD)-weighted MRI to estimate age.

Diagnostic role of apparent diffusion coefficient combined with intratumoral susceptibility signals in differentiating high-grade gliomas from brain metastases.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether tumoral and peritumoral apparent diffusion coefficient values and intratumoral susceptibility signals on susceptibility-weighted imaging could distinguish between high-grade gliomas and brain metastases, and to investigate their associations with the Ki-67 proliferation index.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-seven patients with pathologically confirmed diagnoses of either high-grade glioma or brain metastasis were enrolled in this study (23 with high-grade gliomas and 34 with brain metastases). The minimum and mean apparent diffusion coefficients in the enhancing tumoral region (ADC and ADC) and the minimum apparent diffusion coefficient in the peritumoral region (ADC) were measured from apparent diffusion coefficient maps, and intratumoral susceptibility signal grades acquired by susceptibility-weighted imaging were calculated.

Motor control and cognition deficits associated with protein carbamoylation in food (cassava) cyanogenic poisoning: Neurodegeneration and genomic perspectives.

A case-control design determined whether konzo, an upper motoneuron disease linked to food (cassava) toxicity was associated with protein carbamoylation and genetic variations. Exon sequences of thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST) or mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST), plasma cyanide detoxification rates, and 2D-LC-MS/MS albumin carbamoylation were assessed in 40 children [21 konzo-affected and 19 putatively healthy controls, mean (SD) age: 9.2 (3.

Improved antimicrobial properties of methylene blue attached to silver nanoparticles.

Photosensitizing agents are the cornerstone of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). They play an essential role in deactivation process of multidrug resistant pathogens and tumor treatments. In this work, we studied a photosensitizing agent made from mixture of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and Methylene Blue (MB) which possess improved important characteristics like high photostability and high singlet oxygen yield.

Forensic age estimation via magnetic resonance imaging of knee in the Turkish population: use of T1-TSE sequence.

The evaluation of epiphyseal areas by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for forensic age estimation is an important supportive diagnostic method to prevent repeated radiation exposure without a valid medical reason. There are still not enough individuals being analyzed with MRI for age estimation. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of T1-weighted turbo spin echo (T1-TSE) MRI sequences in determining the degree of ossification of the distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyses in a Turkish population.

Evaluation of umbilical anatomy via computed tomography prior to single-incision laparoscopy.

Laparoscopic surgery performed through a single incision is relatively new. Here, we investigated the importance of radiological anatomical evaluation of the umbilicus prior to such surgery.Umbilical images of 500 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) in 2019 were evaluated retrospectively, using both transverse and sagittal sections.

Histogram Analysis of ADC Maps for Differentiating Brain Metastases From Different Histological Types of Lung Cancers.

Purpose: Our study aimed to investigate the role of histogram analysis derived from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in brain metastases (BMs) from lung cancer for differentiating histological subtype.

Methods: A total of 61 BMs (45 non-small cell lung cancer [NSCLC] comprising 32 adenocarcinoma [AC], 13 squamous cell carcinoma [SCC], and 16 small-cell lung cancer [SCLC]) in 50 patients with histopathologically confirmed lung cancer were retrospectively included in this study. Pretreatment cranial diffusion-weighted imaging was performed, and the corresponding ADC maps were generated.

Association of apparent diffusion coefficient with Ki-67 proliferation index, progesterone-receptor status and various histopathological parameters, and its utility in predicting the high grade in meningiomas.

Background: Accurate preoperative determination of the histological grade and cellular proliferative potential of meningioma by non-invasive imaging is of paramount importance.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in determining the histological grade of meningioma, and to investigate the correlation of ADC with Ki-67 proliferation index (PI), progesterone receptor (PR) status, and a number of other histopathological parameters.

Material And Methods: Histopathologically confirmed 94 meningioma patients (72 low-grade, 22 high-grade) who had undergone preoperative diffusion-weighted imaging were retrospectively evaluated.

Posterior tibial slope of the knee measured on X-rays in a Turkish population.

Purpose: Posterior tibial inclination of the knee joint should be considered during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and total knee replacement surgery. This inclination is called the posterior tibial slope (PTS) angle. The PTS differs among populations and the aim of this study was to determine the mean PTS in a Turkish population.

Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy Properties of Sulfur-Doped Graphene Quantum Dot and Methylene Blue Preparations in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Culture.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a field with many applications including chemotherapy. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) exhibit a variety of unique properties and can be used in PDT to generate singlet oxygen that destroys pathogenic bacteria and cancer cells. The PDT agent, methylene blue (MB), like GQDs, has been successfully exploited to destroy bacteria and cancer cells by increasing reactive oxygen species generation.

The nutcracker syndrome: The usefulness of different MRI sequences for diagnosis and follow-up.

Objective: Nutcracker Syndrome (NCS) is the extrinsic compression of the left renal vein by neighboring arterial, ligamentous, muscular, or osseous structures. Diagnosis is made by Doppler ultrasonography (US), multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), phlebography. The aim of the current study is to assess the value of MRI and compare the efficiency of different sequences in diagnosis and follow up of children with NCS.

Improved singlet oxygen generation and antimicrobial activity of sulphur-doped graphene quantum dots coupled with methylene blue for photodynamic therapy applications.

Due to their many unique properties, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted much attention and are a promising material with potential applications in many fields. One application of GQDs is as a photodynamic therapy agent that generates singlet oxygen. In this work, GQDs were grown by focusing nanosecond laser pulses into benzene and then were later combined with methylene blue (MB) and used to eradicate the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Gram-positive bacteria, Micrococcus luteus.