The Effect of Panax ginseng on Genitourinary Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Menopause and estrogen deprivation cause a rise in the number of urogenital tract complaints.

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of ginseng on genitourinary syndrome.

Methods: This randomized trial was conducted on 60 postmenopausal women with genitourinary syndrome.

Prevalence of K-RAS mutations and CA125 tumor marker in patients with ovarian carcinoma.

Background: Ovarian carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among females. K-ras codon 12 mutations are commonly occurring mutations in different types of cancers and leads to resistance against anti-EGFR therapeutics. Hence, determination of mutations in k-ras gene is crucial for predicting response to anti-EGFR therapies.

Anti-tumor Effect of Quercetin Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles on Induced Colon Cancer in Wistar Rats.

This study was aimed to evaluate the site-specific drug delivery of 5-FU with chitosan (CS) as a carrier and quercetin (Qu) against induced colon cancer in Wistar rats. Cross-linked CS-Qu nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. Physicochemical characterization of NPs was performed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), in vitro drug release, and drug loading efficiency (LE).

Impact and mechanistic role of oral contraceptive pills on the number and epithelial type of ovarian cortical inclusion cysts; a clinicopathology and immunohistochemical study.

Background: Ovarian epithelial cancers are among the most lethal women's cancers. There is no doubt about the preventive role of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) in development of ovarian cancers. But, there are limited numbers of studies to address the effect of these agents on the number of cortical inclusion cysts (CICs), their epithelial type and suppression of the metaplastic phenomenon by these pills.

Immunohistochemical Profile of Uterine Leiomyoma With Bizarre Nuclei; Comparison With Conventional Leiomyoma, Smooth Muscle Tumors of Uncertain Malignant Potential and Leiomyosarcoma.

Purpose: To assess the immunohistochemical profile of the atypical nuclei in leiomyoma with bizarre nuclei and compare with benign and malignant counterparts.

Methods: 26 cases of uterine smooth muscle tumors including 12 leiomyosarcoma(LMS), 10 leiomyoma with bizarre nuclei (LBN) and 4 smooth muscle tumor with uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) were selected using whole tissue sections for this study and analysis. Six cases of ordinary leiomyoma were included as benign control group.

C-kit Mutations in Endometrial Cancer: Correlation with Tumor Histologic Type.

Objective: Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women in developed countries. Affected patients may benefit from systemic chemotherapy, alone or in combination with targeted therapies if the disease is clinically diagnosed prior to expansion and metastasis to other organs.The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of c-kit mutations and comparision with tumor type and grade in human uterine endometrial carcinomas.

Role of exon 7 PTEN Gene in Endometrial Carcinoma.

Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract and the fourth most common cancer in Iranian women after breast, colorectal and lung cancers. Various genetic alterations appear to be early events in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma and it seems that PTEN is the most commonly mutated gene in the endometrioid subtype. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between mutations in exon 7 of PTEN gene and endometrial carcinoma.

The polymorphism of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a gene in endometrial cancer.

Background: Endometral carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract and the fourth most common cancer in women after breast, colorectal and lung cancers Hypoxia-inducible factor -1 (HIF-1) is a key transcription factor that regulates cellular response to hypoxia HIF-1 plays important roles in the development and progression of cancer through activation of various genes that are involved in crucial aspects of cancer biology, including angiogenesis, energy metabolism, vasomotor function, erythropoiesis, and cell survival. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between HIF-1 1772 C/T polymorphisms and endometrial cancer.

Materials And Methods: 75 patients with endometrial carcinoma and 75 patients whose underwent hysterectomy for non tumoral indication selected for evaluation of HIF-1 1772 C/T polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP and sequencing.

Antiproliferative effect of metformin on the endometrium--a clinical trial.

Background: Unopposed estrogen has a central role in development of endometrial benign, premalignant and malignant lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-estrogenic effect of metformin on endometrial histology in comparison with progesterone.

Materials And Methods: A total of 43 patients who were referred to our center for abnormal uterine bleeding and had a histologic diagnosis were disordered proliferative endometrium or simple endometrial hyperplasia were included and randomly distributed in two groups treated with metformin (500mg Bid) or megestrol (40mg daily), respectively, for three months.

Polymorphism of p53 gene codon 72 in endometrial cancer: correlation with tumor grade and histological type.

Background: Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women in developed countries. Patients with endometrial cancer may benefit from systemic chemotherapy alone or in combination with targeted therapies if the disease is clinically diagnosed prior to spread and metastasis to other organs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of p53 polymorphism and its correlation with tumor grade in human uterine endometrial carcinomas.

Diagnostic value of protein Ki67 (MIB-1) in atypical pap smears of postmenopausal women.

Background: Atrophic epithelium of cervix sampled from postmenopausal women may mimic high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Papanicolaou-stained (Pap) smears. Ki-67 (MIB-1) protein presents on proliferating cells, and percentage of cells with positive nuclei provides a reliable tool for rapid evaluation of the growth fraction. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of protein Ki67 staining in atypical pap smears of postmenopausal women.

Malignant endometrial polyps: Report of two cases and review of literature with emphasize on recent advances.

Endometrial polyps are common pathologic findings in gynecologic pathology practice. Although malignant changes in these lesions are uncommon, numerous studies confirmed this association especially with endometrial serous and clear cell carcinoma. Two cases of malignant endometrial polyps in association with presumed precursor lesion in one of them are presented.

A pilot study on image analysis techniques for extracting early uterine cervix cancer cell features.

The second most common and preventable form of cancer among women worldwide is cervical cancer in which the signs for this disease can be detected in the early Pap smear screening of cervical cells. To improve the efficiency of expert diagnosis, we will need to automate the feature extraction of cervical cancer cells by the means of image processing techniques. This article employs image processing techniques to get the special features of normal, precancerous and cancerous cell images.

Primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma of intestinal type: significance of pattern of invasion and immunohistochemical expression profile in a series of 31 cases.

Primary ovarian mucinous carcinomas of the intestinal type are uncommon and earlier reports have included cases diagnosed according to older, less stringent, criteria (which would now be considered borderline tumors) and variable numbers of cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma. This study was conducted to identify all cases of primary mucinous carcinoma of the ovary in a population-based registry, diagnosed according to WHO 2003 criteria, and to characterize their histologic features, immunohistochemical expression profile, and outcome. Thirty-one cases of primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma were included in this study.

Comparison of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and dopamine receptor agonist on uterine myoma growth. Histologic, sonographic, and intra-operative changes.

Objective: To investigate the effect of 2 medications; Diphereline and Cabergoline, on uterine leiomyoma growth, and its histologic, sonographic, and intra-operative changes.

Methods: In an effort to treat large uterine leiomyoma in symptomatic patients in the Gynecology Clinics of the Alzahra Teaching Hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, from September 2007 to November 2008, 60 candidates randomized to receive Diphereline 3.75 mg, 4 times every 28 days (group I), and Cabergoline 0.

Intramedullary spinal cord ganglioglioma presenting with abnormal abdominal wall movement. Case report.

The authors present a case of intramedullary ganglioglioma in a 6-year-old girl. Since the age of 4 months the patient had experienced a spontaneous wavy undulating movement of her anterior abdominal wall resembling a severe peristalsis. The movement was continuous even during sleep, and this symptom was named "belly dance.

Inverse correlation of secreted frizzled-related protein 4 and beta-catenin expression in endometrial stromal sarcomas.

Endometrial stromal sarcomas are rare uterine tumours. Whereas the histology and immunohistochemistry of these tumours are well documented, almost nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in their pathogenesis. To characterize the genes altered in these malignancies, a genome-wide cDNA library was generated by suppression subtractive hybridization and a set of differentially expressed clones was isolated.

Expression of androgen receptors in benign and malignant endometrial stromal neoplasms.

Several studies have shown that endometrial stromal neoplasms express estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR). To our knowledge, the presence or absence of androgen receptors (AR) in these rare uterine neoplasms has not been investigated. Tumors ( n=20)-3 endometrial stromal nodules, 14 low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS, low grade), and 3 high-grade endometrial sarcomas (undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma, UES)-were studied.